Seasonal and Growth Period Changes of Some Nutritive Components of Kikuyu Grass

Kamstra, L. D.; Stanley, R.W.; Ishizaki, S. M.

doi:10.2307/3895722

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Percent CP in the forage (Table 2) was slightly depressed by the first increment of N, probably clue to N stress in the accumulated forage during the latter part of the regrowth period. However, percent CP in the forage from Makawao was significantly increased by the second increment of N. In general CP levels were similar to those reported elsewhere for fertilized kikuyu (4,10,14,19,20,21) and are adequate for beef cattle over 300 kg weight if CP digestibility is assumed to be 50% (14).…”

Section: Nitrogen Responses By 10-week Regrowthsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Growth of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Under Clipping. I. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization, Cutting Interval, and Season on Yields and Forage Characteristics¹

Whitney

1974

Agronomy Journal

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Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.) is an important pasture forage, soil cover, and weed in many parts of the subtropics. Responses to N have been reported, but the relationships among management, climate, and forage production have not been well defined. We therefore studied the regrowth of kikuyugrass under 3 N levels (22, 56, and 168 kg/ha per year), and 3 cutting intervals (2, 5, and 10 weeks) for 3 years at 2 locations (Kula and Makawao, Maui). The Kula site was at 945‐m elevation on an Eutrandept, and the Makawao site was at 660‐m elevation on a Tropohumult. Average yields ranged from 4.8 to 29.4 metric tons/ha per year at Kula and from 10.2 to 32.5 metric tons/ha per year at Makawao. Average percent N in the forage was little affected by N rate except for an increase at the highest N rate at Makawao. Cutting at 2‐week intervals reduced yields per unit time to 20 to 50% of the 10‐week yields at Kula and to less than 15% of the 10‐week yields at Makawao. Over a 3‐year period, yields of 5‐week regrowth (per unit time) were 32% of the 10‐week yields at Kula but 65% of 10‐week yields at Makawao. Crude protein levels in the forage under frequent cutting averaged 1.5 to 2.0 times that in 10‐week regrowth. Two‐week regrowth was also higher in acid‐detergent solubles and lower in fiber and cellulose than 10‐week regrowth. Ten‐week regrowth from the high N treatment was higher in fiber and lignin than similar forage from the low or moderate N levels, indicating the need for careful management of N‐fertilized kikuyugrass. Dry matter yields of 5‐week regrowth fluctuated more with season than 10‐week regrowth yields, ranging from 1.4 to over 100 kg/ha per day. Five‐week regrowth yields were reduced by 11 kg/ha per day for each degree of decrease in average minimum soil temperature below 18 C (r2 = .93). Above 18 C, yields increased about 16 kg/ha per day for each 100 ly/day increase in average solar radiation (r2 = .64). Percent crude protein in the forage was inversely related to air or soil temperature and day length (multiple R2 =.57). Residual effects of N fertilization were greater on the Tropohumult than on the Eutrandept. After 3 years of clipping, cations were severely depleted from the upper horizons of both soils.

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Section: Nitrogen Responses By 10-week Regrowthsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The cellulose values obtained were all lower than those obtained by Kamstra et al (10) for Crampton and Maynard cellulose in kikuyu regrowth, but were similar to the cellulose levels reported by Gomide et al (9).…”

Section: Detergent Fiber Analyses Of Fall Regrowthsupporting

confidence: 85%

Growth of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Under Clipping. I. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization, Cutting Interval, and Season on Yields and Forage Characteristics¹

Whitney

1974

Agronomy Journal

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“…(1964). Borget (1966), Kamstra et al (1966), Jung and Reid (1966), Wilkinson et al (1968), and Van BiIjon and Leroux (1969». Reliable hemicellulose levels have not been so commonly measured in these grasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although in some of these species hemicellulose is, as in the festucoid grasses, present to the extent of 60-80% of the cellulose, there are one or two exceptions recorded where hemicellulose is present to the extent of at least 100% of the cellulose (e.g. Pennisetum clandestinum (Kamstra et al, 1966;Bailey and Hunt. unpublished) and Cynodon daetylon (Wilkinson et al, ] 968».…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Bailey¹,

Connor²

1972

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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SUMMARYLevels of cellulose and hemicellulose were measured in standard leaf samples from four species of Chionochloa (C. flavescens. C. macra, C. Tigida, C. Tubra) after both acid hydrolysis and alkali fractionation. Characteristic ranges of 24-26% hemicellulose and 30-32% cellulose in the leaf samples were obtained. Chionochloa maCTa cellulose (26%) and C. flavescens hemicellulose (22%) were clearly below these values.

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Changes in cell‐wall carbohydrates and lignin of some forage‐type millets as affected by growth stage

1975

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Changes in the cell-wall carbohydrates and lignin of bajra (Pennisetum typhoides), jowar (Sorghum vulgare) and napier (Pennisetum purpureum)-bajra hybrids (NB21) as affected by growth stage are reported. With growth of the plants the concentrations of cc-cellulose and hemicellulose increased in the stems. In bajra and jowar this increase was gradual up to 60-70 days growth stage followed by a decline and a subsequent rise towards maturity. In contrast, in NBz1, cc-cellulose continued to rise gradually throughout the growth period. The concentration of hemicellulose was much higher in the stems than in the leaves of NBz1. With the ageing of the plants the lignin content increased in all these forage crops. In NBzl the stems contained more lignin than the leaves at all stages of maturity. Fluctuations in the contents of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose followed similar trends indicating that possibly they are components of a common matrix in the cell wall. In NBzl the water-soluble carbohydrates continued to rise throughout the growth period unlike other forage crops. The protein content decreased as the NBzl plants matured. The protein content of the leaves of these plants was always higher than that of the stems. The oxalates gradually declined with the maturation of the plants.

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Seasonal and Growth Period Changes of Some Nutritive Components of Kikuyu Grass

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Growth of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Under Clipping. I. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization, Cutting Interval, and Season on Yields and Forage Characteristics¹

Growth of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Under Clipping. I. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization, Cutting Interval, and Season on Yields and Forage Characteristics¹

Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Changes in cell‐wall carbohydrates and lignin of some forage‐type millets as affected by growth stage

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Seasonal and Growth Period Changes of Some Nutritive Components of Kikuyu Grass

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Growth of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Under Clipping. I. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization, Cutting Interval, and Season on Yields and Forage Characteristics1

Growth of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Under Clipping. I. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization, Cutting Interval, and Season on Yields and Forage Characteristics1

Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Changes in cell‐wall carbohydrates and lignin of some forage‐type millets as affected by growth stage

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Product

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About

Growth of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Under Clipping. I. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization, Cutting Interval, and Season on Yields and Forage Characteristics¹

Growth of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Under Clipping. I. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization, Cutting Interval, and Season on Yields and Forage Characteristics¹