Seasonal and diurnal variations of particulate organosulfates in urban Shanghai, China

Ma, Yuanyuan; Xu, Xinkai; Song, Weihua; Geng, Feng; Wang, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.017

Cited by 94 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The detection limit for camphor sulfonic acid was 0. 12,21 Asia, 37 and the U.S. 26,48 were in the range of 0.217−140 ng m −3 during the summer (Table 2). Our measurements were consistent with these reported values, although different instruments and standards were used for pNOSs quantification.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Nighttime NO 3 chemistry was proposed to account for the high levels of nighttime pNOSs. If nighttime NO 3 oxidation played an important role in pNOSs formation, the specific pNOS c isomer that could be also formed via NO 3 pathway should be relatively more abundant in nighttime samples and the relative abundance of the three isomers should show a significant diurnal variation.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Organosulfates from Pinene and Isoprene over the Pearl River Delta, South China: Seasonal Variation and Implication in Formation Mechanisms

Ding

Wang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

126

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Biogenic organosulfates (OSs) are important markers of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation involving cross reactions of biogenic precursors (terpenoids) with anthropogenic pollutants. Until now, there has been rare information about biogenic OSs in the air of highly polluted areas. In this study, fine particle (PM 2.5 ) samples were separately collected in daytime and nighttime from summer to fall 2010 at a site in the central Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China. Pinene-derived nitrooxyorganosulfates (pNOSs) and isoprene-derived OSs (iOSs) were quantified using a liquid chromatograph (LC) coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) operated in negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The pNOSs with MW 295 exhibited higher levels in fall (151 ± 86.9 ng m −3 ) than summer (52.4 ± 34.0 ng m −3 ), probably owing to the elevated levels of NOx and sulfate in fall when air masses mainly passed through city clusters in the PRD and biomass burning was enhanced. In contrast to observations elsewhere where higher levels occurred at nighttime, pNOS levels in the PRD were higher during the daytime in both seasons, indicating that pNOS formation was likely driven by photochemistry over the PRD. This conclusion is supported by several lines of evidence: the specific pNOS which could be formed through both daytime photochemistry and nighttime NO 3 chemistry exhibited no day− night variation in abundance relative to other pNOS isomers; the production of the hydroxynitrate that is the key precursor for this specific pNOS was found to be significant through photochemistry but negligible through NO 3 chemistry based on the mechanisms in the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). For iOSs, 2-methyltetrol sulfate ester which could be formed from isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX) under low-NOx conditions showed low concentrations (below the detection limit to 2.09 ng m −3 ), largely due to the depression of IEPOX formation by the high NOx levels over the PRD. ■ INTRODUCTIONBiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) including isoprene and monoterpenes 1 contribute significantly to the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) budget. 2 Recent studies have shown that the conversion of BVOCs to SOA can be significantly promoted in the presence of high anthropogenic emissions. 3−6 As notable SOA products of BVOCs reacting with anthropogenic pollutants under acidic conditions, organosulfates (OSs) have been detected in both laboratory-generated SOA 7−10 and ambient aerosols. 11−18 Moreover, OSs could contribute a significant fraction of fine particles, accounting for up to 30% of organic matter (OM) 9,19−23 and up to 10% of total sulfate. 24,25 The formation mechanisms of OSs are still unclear. Previous chamber studies have demonstrated that both OH-photooxidation and NO 3 dark reactions can form pinene-derived nitrooxy-organosulfates (pNOSs) on acidic particles. 9 The pNOSs were only detected in nighttime samples in northeastern Bavaria, Germany, suggesting a role for nighttime NO 3 chemistry in pNOS formation. 15 How...

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Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Organosulfates from Pinene and Isoprene over the Pearl River Delta, South China: Seasonal Variation and Implication in Formation Mechanisms

Ding

Wang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

126

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“…The Middle Ring Road, one of the main overhead highways in Shanghai, lies about 100 m to the south of the site. Hence, the Fudan site can be treated as a representative urban site influenced by a wide mixture of emission sources Ma et al, 2014).…”

Section: Nucleation Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong atmospheric new particle formation in winter in urban Shanghai, China

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Particle size distributions in the range of 1.34-615 nm were recorded from 25 November 2013 to 25 January 2014 in urban Shanghai, using a combination of one nano condensation nucleus counter system, one nano scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), and one long-SMPS. Measurements of sulfur dioxide by an SO 2 analyzer with pulsed UV fluorescence technique allowed calculation of sulfuric acid proxy. In addition, concentrations of ammonia were recorded with a differential optical absorption spectroscopy. During this 62-day campaign, 13 new particle formation (NPF) events were identified with strong bursts of sub-3 nm particles and subsequent fast growth of newly formed particles. The observed nucleation rate (J 1.34 ), formation rate of 3 nm particles (J 3 ), and condensation sink were 112.4-271.0 cm −3 s −1 , 2.3-19.2 cm −3 s −1 , and 0.030-0.10 s −1 , respectively. Subsequent cluster/nanoparticle growth (GR) showed a clear size dependence, with average values of GR 1.35∼1.39 , GR 1.39∼1.46 , GR 1.46∼1.70 , GR 1.70∼2.39 , GR 2.39∼7 , and GR 7∼20 being 1.6± 1.0, 1.4 ± 2.2, 7.2 ± 7.1, 9.0 ± 11.4, 10.9 ± 9.8, and 11.4 ± 9.7 nm h −1 , respectively. Correlation between nucleation rate (J 1.34 ) and sulfuric acid proxy indicates that nucleation rate J 1.34 was proportional to a 0.65±0.28 power of sulfuric acid proxy, indicating that the nucleation of particles can be explained by the activation theory. Correlation between nucleation rate (J 1.34 ) and gas-phase ammonia suggests that ammonia was associated with NPF events. The calculated sulfuric acid proxy was sufficient to explain the subsequent growth of 1.34-3 nm particles, but its contribution became smaller as the particle size grew. Qualitatively, NPF events in urban Shanghai likely occur on days with low levels of aerosol surface area, meaning the sulfuric acid proxy is only a valid predictor when aerosol surface area is low.

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“…Furthermore, Staudt et al (2014) synthesized phenyl sulfate, benzyl sulfate, 3-and 4-methylphenyl sulfate and 2-, 3-, and 4-methylbenzyl sulfate and quantified them in aerosols collected in urban samples from Lahore and Pasadena, USA as well as Nepal. Ma et al (2014) reported the contribution up to 64 % from aromatic organosulfates to the sum of identified organosulfates during winter in Shanghai, while Wang et al (2016) found aromatic organosulfates to constitute less than 22 % of the detected number of organosulfates in Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, quantification of organosulfates is a challenging task due to the lack of authentic standards and incomplete understanding of the sources, precursors and formation processes of organosulfates. To date, many studies of organosulfates have remained at the qualitative level, although a limited number of studies have provided quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis of certain organosulfates (e.g., Kundu et al, 2013;Staudt et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2014;Olson et al, 2011;Hettiyadura et al, 2017). Moreover, several studies show that organosulfates are present as a wide range of species with individual species such as the organosulfate derived from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOXs) contributing 0.2-1.4 % of the total organic aerosol mass (Liao et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosol: synthesis and quantitative analysis of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Xi'an, northwestern China

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The sources, formation mechanism and amount of organosulfates (OS) in atmospheric aerosol are not yet well understood, partly due to the lack of authentic standards for quantification. In this study, we report an improved robust procedure for the synthesis of organosulfates with different functional groups. Nine authentic organosulfate standards were synthesized and four standards (benzyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, glycolic acid sulfate, and hydroxyacetone sulfate) were used to quantify their ambient concentrations. The authentic standards and ambient aerosol samples were analyzed using an optimized ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric method (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The recovery ranged from 80.4 to 93.2 %, the limits of detection and limits of quantification obtained were 1.1-16.7 and 3.4-55.6 pg m −3 , respectively. Measurements of ambient aerosol particle samples collected in winter 2013/2014 in urban Xi'an, northwestern China, show that glycolic acid sulfate (77.3 ± 49.2 ng m −3 ) is the most abundant species of the identified organosulfates followed by hydroxyacetone sulfate (1.3 ± 0.5 ng m −3 ), phenyl sulfate (0.14 ± 0.09 ng m −3 ), and benzyl sulfate (0.04 ± 0.01 ng m −3 ). Except for hydroxyacetone sulfate, which seems to form mainly from biogenic emissions in this region, the organosulfates quantified during winter in Xi'an show an increasing trend with an increase in the mass concentrations of organic carbon indicating their anthropogenic origin.

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Seasonal and diurnal variations of particulate organosulfates in urban Shanghai, China

Cited by 94 publications

References 53 publications

Organosulfates from Pinene and Isoprene over the Pearl River Delta, South China: Seasonal Variation and Implication in Formation Mechanisms

Organosulfates from Pinene and Isoprene over the Pearl River Delta, South China: Seasonal Variation and Implication in Formation Mechanisms

Strong atmospheric new particle formation in winter in urban Shanghai, China

Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosol: synthesis and quantitative analysis of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Xi'an, northwestern China

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Seasonal and diurnal variations of particulate organosulfates in urban Shanghai, China

Cited by 94 publications

References 53 publications

Organosulfates from Pinene and Isoprene over the Pearl River Delta, South China: Seasonal Variation and Implication in Formation Mechanisms

Organosulfates from Pinene and Isoprene over the Pearl River Delta, South China: Seasonal Variation and Implication in Formation Mechanisms

Strong atmospheric new particle formation in winter in urban Shanghai, China

Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosol: synthesis and quantitative analysis of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; from Xi'an, northwestern China

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Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosol: synthesis and quantitative analysis of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Xi'an, northwestern China