Seasonal and diurnal variation in particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) at an urban site of Beijing: analyses from a 9-year study

Liu, Zirui; Hu, Bo; Wang, Lili; Wu, Fuzhong; Gao, Wenkang; Wang, Yuesi

doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3347-0

Cited by 208 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Several studies [37,38] found positive relationships between PM and temperature. This occurs because warm weather induces the formation of secondary fine particles, therefore increased temperatures result in increased PM [39,40]. PM was negatively correlated with relative humidity in spring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations and Association with Indoor/Outdoor Temperature: A Case Study in Rural Limpopo, South Africa

et al. 2018

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Abstract:There is still a pressing concern regarding the causes of poor indoor air quality and the consequent effects on health, because people spend a considerable amount of time indoors. Information about seasonal variation and the determinants of particulate matter (PM) concentrations could guide the design and implementation of intervention strategies. This study was conducted in Giyani, Limpopo province, South Africa. The main aim was to assess indoor air quality. Indoor PM and temperature were monitored to describe seasonal and diurnal patterns of indoor PM 4 concentration and to estimate the association between PM concentrations and indoor as well as ambient conditions. Indoor PM 4 was monitored hourly in kitchens for the duration of spring (September), summer (February) and winter (July). Indoor temperatures were monitored hourly in kitchens, living rooms and bedrooms. Outdoor temperature and outdoor relative humidity were also monitored for the same period. Indoor temperatures showed a large range in the three sampled seasons, with the maximum values raising the largest cause for concern. Maximum indoor temperatures in summer exceeded the threshold of 35 • C, which has been shown to have adverse health effects. Occupants of the sampled households were exposed to indoor PM 4 concentrations that exceeded national and international guidelines. Hourly indoor temperature was statistically significantly correlated to PM 4 concentrations in the summer and spring (r = 0.22 and 0.24 respectively, p < 0.001 for both) and negatively correlated to outdoor relative humidity (r = −0.27, p < 0.001). Diurnal PM 4 variations showed pronounced patterns with morning and evening peaks. PM 4 was consistently higher throughout the day in summer compared to spring and winter. Community-based intervention strategies should consider these seasonal differences in PM 4 exposure and tailor awareness messages for exposure prevention accordingly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations and Association with Indoor/Outdoor Temperature: A Case Study in Rural Limpopo, South Africa

et al. 2018

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“…These enhancements include plots being shown as a continuous surface and surfaces being calculated through modeling using smoothing techniques. These plots are not entirely new as others have considered the joint wind speed-direction dependence of concentrations (see for example Liu et al, 2015). However, plotting the data in polar coordinates and for the purposes of source identification is new.…”

Section: Conditional Probability Function and Bivariate Polar Plot Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Atmospheric trace elements, especially metal species, are an emerging environmental and health concern with insufficient understanding of their levels and sources in Shanghai, the most important industrial megacity in China.Here we continuously performed a 1 year (from March 2016 to February 2017) and hourly resolved measurement of 18 elements in fine particles (PM 2.5 ) at the Shanghai urban center with an Xact multi-metals monitor and several collocated instruments. Mass concentrations (mean ± 1σ ; ng m −3 ) determined by Xact ranged from detection limits (nominally 0.1 to 20 ng m −3 ) to 15 µg m −3 . Element-related oxidized species comprised an appreciable fraction of PM 2.5 during all seasons, accounting for 8.3 % on average. As a comparison, the atmospheric elements concentration level in Shanghai was comparable with that in other industrialized cities in East Asia but 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than at sites in North America and Europe. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify and apportion the sources of the elements in the PM 2.5 mass. Five different factors were resolved (notable elements and relative contribution in parentheses): traffic-related (Ca, Fe, Ba, Si; 46 %), shipping (V, Ni; 6 %), nonferrous metal smelting (Ag, Cd, Au; 15 %), coal combustion (As, Se, Hg, Pb; 18 %) and ferrous metal smelting (Cr, Mn, Zn; 15 %). The contribution from the exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions, i.e., the traffic-related factor shows a strong bimodal diurnal profile with average concentration over 2 times higher during the rush hour than during nighttime. The shipping factor was firmly identified because V and Ni, two recognized tracers of shipping emissions, are almost exclusively transported from the East China Sea and their ratio (around 3.2) falls within the variation range of V / Ni ratios in particles emitted from heavy oil combustion. Interestingly, nearly half of the K was derived from coal combustion with high mineral affinity (elements associated with aluminosilicates, carbonates and other minerals in coal ash). The contributions of nonferrous metal smelting to the trace elements are consistent with a newly developed emission inventory. Although the precipitation scavenging effect on the mass concentration of the trace elements varied among different species and sources, precipiPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11794Y. Chang et al.: First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements tation could effectively lower the concentration of the trafficand coal combustion-related trace elements. Therefore, water spray to simulate natural types of precipitation could be one of the abatement strategies to facilitate the reduction of ambient PM 2.5 trace elements in the urban atmosphere. Collectively, our findings in this study provide baseline levels and sources of trace elements with high detail, which are needed for developing effective control strategies to reduce the high risk of acute exposure to atmospheri...

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“…These enhancements include: plots are shown as a continuous surface and surfaces are calculated through modelling using smoothing techniques. These plots are not entirely new as others have considered the joint wind 305 speed-direction dependence of concentrations (see for example Liu et al (2015)). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

First long-term and near real-time measurement of atmospheric trace elements in Shanghai, China

Chang

Huang

Deng

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Atmospheric trace elements, especially metal species, are an emerging environmental and health concern with poorly constrained on its abundances and sources in Shanghai, the most important industrial megacity in China. Here we 20 continuously performed a one-year (from March 2016 to February 2017) and hourlyresolved measurement of eighteen elements in fine particles (PM2.5) at Shanghai urban center with a Xact multi-metals monitor and several collocated instruments.Independent ICP-MS offline analysis of filter samples was used to validate the performance of Xact that was based on energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis Ni were confirmed as the prominent and exclusive tracer of heavy oil combustion from shipping traffic. Fe and Ba were strongly related to brake wear, and exhibited significant 45 correlation with Si and Ca, suggesting that Si and Ca in Shanghai were primarily sourced from road fugitive dust rather than long-distance dust transport and local building construction sites. Stationary combustion of coal was found to be the major source of As, Se, Pb, Cu and K, and the ratio of As/Se was used to infer that coal consumed in Shanghai likely originated from Henan coal fields in Northern China. Cr, 50Mn and Zn were the mixed result of emissions from stationary combustion coal, ferrous metals production, and nonferrous metals processing. Ag and Cd in Shanghai urban atmosphere were also the mixture of miscellaneous sources. Collectively, our findings in this study provide baseline data with high detail, which are needed for developing effective control strategies to reduce the high risk of acute exposure to atmospheric 55 trace elements in China's megacities.Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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Seasonal and diurnal variation in particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) at an urban site of Beijing: analyses from a 9-year study

Cited by 208 publications

References 70 publications

Variation of Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations and Association with Indoor/Outdoor Temperature: A Case Study in Rural Limpopo, South Africa

Variation of Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations and Association with Indoor/Outdoor Temperature: A Case Study in Rural Limpopo, South Africa

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

First long-term and near real-time measurement of atmospheric trace elements in Shanghai, China

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