Seasonal Analysis of Mucosal Immunological Function and Physical Demands in Professional Australian Rules Footballers

Coad, Sam; Gray, Bon; McLellan, Chris

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0242

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Firstly, the baseline measures were taken during normal training weeks, when some fatigue was present. Other studies have established baseline sleep and mucosal measurements during rest weeks (Coad et al, 2016), although this was not possible in the current design and with triathletes, who generally train year round. Saliva samples were analyzed with a portable point of care device, which had lower (but acceptable) reliability compared to laboratory techniques (Coad et al, 2015; Fisher et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Haul Northeast Travel Disrupts Sleep and Induces Perceived Fatigue in Endurance Athletes

et al. 2018

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Introduction: Long-haul transmeridian travel is known to cause disruptions to sleep and immune status, which may increase the risk of illness.Aim: This study aimed to determine the effects of long-haul northeast travel for competition on sleep, illness and preparedness in endurance athletes.Methods: Twelve trained (13.8 ± 3.2 training h/week) masters (age: 48 ± 14 years) triathletes were monitored for sleep (quantity via actigraphy and quality via self-report), mucosal immunity (salivary immunoglobulin-A) and stress (salivary cortisol) as well as self-reported illness, fatigue, recovery and preparedness. Baseline measures were recorded for 2 weeks prior to travel for all variables except for the saliva samples, which were collected on three separate days upon waking. Participants completed normal training during the baseline period. Measures were subsequently recorded before, during and after long-haul northeast travel from the Australian winter to the Hawaiian summer, and in the lead up to an Ironman 70.3 triathlon.Results: All comparisons are to baseline. There was a most likely decrease in sleep duration on the over-night flight (-4.8 ± 1.2 h; effect size; ±90% confidence limits = 3.06; ±1.26) and a very likely increase in sleep duration on the first night after arrival (0.7 ± 1.0 h; 1.15; ±0.92). After this time, sleep duration returned to baseline for several days until it was very likely decreased on the night prior to competition (-1.2 ± 1.0 h; 1.18; ±0.93). Nap duration was likely increased on the first day after arrival (36 ± 65 min; 3.90; ±3.70). There was also a likely increase in self-reported fatigue upon waking after the first night in the new destination (1.1 ± 1.6 AU; 0.54; ±0.41) and there were three athletes (25%) who developed symptoms of illness 3–5 days after arrival. There were no changes in sleep quality or mucosal measures across study.Discussion: Long-haul northeast travel from a cool to a hot environment had substantial influences on sleep and self-reported fatigue, but these alterations had returned to pre-departure baseline 48 h after arrival. Endurance athletes undertaking similar journeys may benefit from optimizing sleep hygiene, especially on the first 2 days after arrival, or until sleep duration and fatigue levels return to normal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Haul Northeast Travel Disrupts Sleep and Induces Perceived Fatigue in Endurance Athletes

et al. 2018

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“…Caution is urged when interpreting these findings as the sample sizes for the chosen designs were small. The iPro Lab has also been validated at assessing the immune marker, salivary immunoglobulin-A, at rest (Coad, Gray & McLellan, 2016;Coad et al, 2015a;Coad et al, 2015b), and after teamsport (intermittent) exercise (Coad, Gray & McLellan, 2016;Coad et al, 2015b). However, whether the newer and more portable version of this device (iPro Cube) can be used to assess α-amylase at rest, and to measure relatively small changes in salivary cortisol and α-amylase post-moderate intensity exercise remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability evidence of a point of care assessment of salivary cortisol and α-amylase: a pre-registered study

Ducker

Lines

Chapman

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Purpose. The iPro Cube is a small portable point-of-care device designed to analyse salivary markers of stress in a user-friendly manner (e.g., fast, convenient). Our aim was to test the reliability and validity of the iPro Cube to measure salivary cortisol and α-amylase as compared to the common laboratory standard method (ELISA immunoassay) prior to and after moderate intensity exercise. Methods. The study was a repeated measures, pre-registered design, and statistical framework that incorporated prior knowledge directly into the estimation process. Twenty-nine individuals (age = 27.4 ± 6.6 y; body-mass = 70.8 ± 11.3 kg; height = 1.74 ± 0.92 m; 18 males) completed a single PWC 75%HRmax , with repeated measures of salivary cortisol and ÉŚ-amylase pre, immediately post, and 30 min post-exercise. Results. Correlation between the iPro Cube and laboratory-based assessments of salivary cortisol was moderate-to-large (0.53 > r < 0.81) across all three testing points. In contrast, correlation between the iPro Cube and laboratory-based assessments of ÉŚ-amylase was small-to-moderate (0.25 > r < 0.46). We found a large correlation between duplicate samples of iPro Cube cortisol assessment (0.75 > r < 0.82), and a moderate-to-large correlation for ÉŚ-amylase (0.51> r < 0.77). Conclusions. The iPro Cube is capable of taking measures of salivary cortisol that are moderately correlated to values obtained via ELISA immunoassay, however the unit underestimates salivary cortisol and overestimates salivary ÉŚ-amylase at rest and post-moderate intensity exercise. It is recommended that researchers continue using standard laboratory techniques to assess these salivary stress markers.How to cite this article Ducker KJ, Lines RLJ, Chapman MT, Peeling P, McKay AKA, Gucciardi DF. 2020. Validity and reliability evidence of a point of care assessment of salivary cortisol and α-amylase: a pre-registered study. PeerJ 8:e8366 http://doi.

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“…Caution is urged when interpreting these findings as the sample sizes for the chosen designs were small. The iPro Lab has also been validated at assessing the immune marker, salivary immunoglobulin-A, at rest (Coad, Gray, & McLellan, 2016;Coad, Gray, Wehbe, & McLellan, 2015;Coad, McLellan, Whitehouse, & Gray, 2015), and after team-sport 1 iPro Lab reader -this is iPro's larger, and older, saliva analysis system. It reads the lateral flow device (LFD) that contains the samples of saliva.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LFD's are the strips that contain the saliva samples and are inserted into either the iPro Lab or Cube devices to analyse the saliva samples. Manuscript to be reviewed (intermittent) exercise (Coad et al, 2016;. However, whether the newer and more portable version of this device (iPro Cube) can be used to assess ɑ-amylase at rest, and to measure relatively small changes in salivary cortisol and ɑ-amylase post-moderate intensity exercise remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Validity and reliability evidence of a point of care assessment of salivary cortisol and α-amylase: a pre-registered study (v0.2)"

2020

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The iPro Cube is a small portable point-of-care device designed to analyse salivary markers of stress in a user-friendly manner (e.g., fast, convenient). Our aim was to test the reliability and validity of the iPro Cube LFD to measure salivary cortisol and ɑamylase as compared to the common laboratory standard method (ELISA immunoassay) prior to and after moderate intensity exercise. Methods: The study was a repeated measures, pre-registered design, and statistical framework that incorporated prior knowledge directly into the estimation process. Twenty-nine individuals (age=27.4±6.6 y; body-mass=70.8±11.3 kg; height=1.74±0.92 m; 18 males) completed a single PWC 75%HRmax , with repeated measures of salivary cortisol and ɑ-amylase pre, immediately post, and 30 min post-exercise. Results: Correlation between the iPro and laboratorybased assessments of salivary cortisol was moderate-to-large (0.53>r<0.81) across all three testing points. In contrast, correlation between the iPro and laboratory-based assessments of ɑ-amylase was small-to-moderate (0.25>r<0.46). We found a large correlation between duplicate samples of iPro cortisol assessment (0.75>r<0.82), and a moderate-to-large correlation for ɑ-amylase (0.51>r<0.77). Conclusions: The iPro Cube LFD reader is capable of taking measures of salivary cortisol that are moderately correlated to values obtained via ELISA immunoassay, however the unit underestimates salivary cortisol and overestimates salivary ɑ-amylase at rest and post-moderate intensity exercise. It is recommended that researchers continue using standard laboratory techniques to assess these salivary stress markers.

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Seasonal Analysis of Mucosal Immunological Function and Physical Demands in Professional Australian Rules Footballers

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Long-Haul Northeast Travel Disrupts Sleep and Induces Perceived Fatigue in Endurance Athletes

Long-Haul Northeast Travel Disrupts Sleep and Induces Perceived Fatigue in Endurance Athletes

Validity and reliability evidence of a point of care assessment of salivary cortisol and α-amylase: a pre-registered study

Peer Review #2 of "Validity and reliability evidence of a point of care assessment of salivary cortisol and α-amylase: a pre-registered study (v0.2)"

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