Seasonal adaptations and the role of lipids in oceanic zooplankton

Hagen, Wilhelm; Auel, Holger

doi:10.1078/0944-2006-00037

Cited by 161 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…High lipid levels were found in zooplankton from temperate and polar latitudes as well as from the deep sea while taxa from tropical and subtropical regions showed low lipid amounts (reviewed by Hagen and Auel 2001).…”

Section: Storage Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and metabolic adaptations of marine isopods to the rafting life style

et al. 2006

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Rafting on floating objects is a common dispersal mechanism for many marine invertebrates. In order to identify adaptations to the rafting life style, we compared behavioural and metabolic characteristics of two isopods, the obligate rafter Idotea metallica and the facultative rafter Idotea baltica. In laboratory experiments, I. metallica showed low locomotive activity and a tight association to the substratum. Idotea baltica, in contrast, was more active with more frequent excursions in the surrounding water column. Oxygen consumption rates were similar in both species. Idotea metallica fed on zooplankton making this species widely independent of autochthonous food resources of the raft. Feeding rates and digestive enzyme activities were low in I. metallica. Reduced egestion rates may indicate slow gut passage and, thus, efficient resorption of nutrients. Efficient food utilization and the ability to accumulate high amounts of storage products, i.e. lipids, indicate a possible adaptation of I. metallica to low food availability or starvation. The feeding behaviour of I. baltica, in contrast, was more herbivorous and appeared wasteful and inefficient. Low lipid contents in I. baltica also indicate poor storage reserves. Thus, I. baltica requires a permanent access to food.

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Section: Storage Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and metabolic adaptations of marine isopods to the rafting life style

et al. 2006

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“…This means that, in the summer season, given a wide temperature tolerance and suYcient food, Acartia does not need to form such energy molecules as WE. The question of whether Acartia can use triacylglycerols for possible overwintering as does the Antarctic species Calanus propinquus (Hagen and Auel 2001) still remains open.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation strategies of copepods (superfamily Centropagoidea) in the White Sea (66°N)

2008

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Seasonal dynamics of major biochemical features were studied for three abundant egg-diapausing copepods Acartia biWlosa, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, in the White Sea (66°N), between June 2002 and September 2002. Dry weight (DW) and prosome length varied from 0.54 g ind ¡1 and 0.163 § 0.012 mm (A. biWlosa, CI) to 9.58 § 0.72 g ind ¡1 and 1.135 § 0.167 mm (C. hamatus, females). C org and N org content reached up to 5.91 § 0.44 and 1.23 § 0.09 g ind ¡1 (C. hamatus, females). Protein and lipid content varied greatly from 31.8 to 67.3% DW and from 8.7 to 42.6% DW, respectively. These species show somewhat diVerent biology compared to species at lower latitudes. The copepods use lipid stores to survive during short-term food shortage (e.g. in autumn) and successfully complete their life cycle. In the isolated White Sea during last post-glacial period, species probably evolved some special biochemical features (especially wax esters presence). Food quality demands and long ice coverage are possible factors limiting early development of species in spring.

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“…Triacylglycerides are preferentially used to cover short-term energy demands e.g. in marine copepods, whereas wax esters serve as long-term energy stores (Hagen and Auel 2001). Although low, E. sericatus showed signiWcantly higher amounts of wax esters than C. destructor.…”

Section: Lipids and Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food utilisation and digestive ability of aquatic and semi-terrestrial crayfishes, Cherax destructor and Engaeus sericatus (Astacidae, Parastacidae)

et al. 2009

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Both Engaeus sericatus and Cherax destructor are omnivorous crayWshes consuming a variety of food items. Materials identiWed in the faeces of both E. sericatus and C. destructor consisted of mainly plant material with minor amounts of arthropod animals, algae and fungi. The morphology of the gastric mill of C. destructor suggests that it is mainly involved in crushing of food material while the gastric mill of E. sericatus appears to be better suited to cutting of food material. Given this, the gastric mill of E. sericatus may be better able to cut the cellulose and hemicellulose Wbres associated with Wbrous plant material. In contrast, the gastric mill of C. destructor appears to be more eYcient in grinding soft materials such as animal protein and algae. Both species accumulated high amounts of lipids in their midgut glands (about 60% of the dry mass) which were dominated by triacylglycerols (81-82% of total lipids). The dominating fatty acids were 16:0, 16:1(n-7), 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6), and 18:3(n-3). The two latter fatty acids can only be synthesised by plants, and are thus indicative of the consumption of terrestrial plants by the crayWshes. The similarity analysis of the fatty acid patterns showed three distinct clusters of plants and each of the crayWsh species. The complement of digestive enzymes, proteinases, total cellulase, endo--1,4-glucanase, -glucosidase, laminarinase and xylanase within midgut gland suggests that both C. destructor and E. sericatus are capable of hydrolysing a variety of substrates associated with an omnivorous diet. Higher activities of total cellulase, endo--1,4-glucanase and -glucosidase indicate that E. sericatus is better able to hydrolyse cellulose within plant material than C. destructor. In contrast to E. sericatus, higher total protease and N-acetyl--D-glucosaminidase activity in the midgut gland of C. destructor suggests that this species is better able to digest animal materials in the form of arthropods. DiVerences in total cellulase and gastric mill morphology suggest that E. sericatus is more eYcient at digesting plant material than C. destructor. However, the contents of faecal pellets and the fatty acid compositions seem to indicate that both species opportunistically feed on the most abundant and easily accessible food items.

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Seasonal adaptations and the role of lipids in oceanic zooplankton

Cited by 161 publications

References 69 publications

Behavioural and metabolic adaptations of marine isopods to the rafting life style

Behavioural and metabolic adaptations of marine isopods to the rafting life style

Adaptation strategies of copepods (superfamily Centropagoidea) in the White Sea (66°N)

Food utilisation and digestive ability of aquatic and semi-terrestrial crayfishes, Cherax destructor and Engaeus sericatus (Astacidae, Parastacidae)

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