Seasonal Abundance of the Stem Borer Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its Parasites on Summer Grain Crops

Kfir, Rami

doi:10.1093/jee/85.2.518

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…After the invasion of Chilo partellus into Africa, native stemborer parasitoids expanded their host ranges to include this exotic pest (Oloo & Ogedah, 1990;Kfir, 1992). However, recent surveys indicated that C. partellus was by far the most abundant species in maize, sorghum, Sorghum arundinaceum and Panicum maximum in the coastal area of Kenya, and typically accounted for >80% of the stemborer population (Overholt, unpublished;Overholt et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 40 parasitoid species are recorded from this pest in Africa (Bonhof et al, 1997). The braconid, Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is the most common parasitoid of stemborers in most of East and southern Africa (Ingram, 1958;Mohyuddin & Greathead, 1970;Mathez, 1972;Kfir, 1992). However, in coastal Kenya, generational mortality of Chilo partellus due to Cotesia sesamiae during 1992 and 1993 was never greater than 3%, and was typically less than 0.5% (Overholt et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative evaluation of Cotesia flavipes and C. sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the management of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Kenya

Sallam¹,

Overholt

Kairu

1999

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Cotesia flavipes Cameron, a gregarious larval endoparasitoid native to the IndoAustralian region, was imported from Pakistan and released in Kenya in 1993 for management of the exotic stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Recent reports confirmed the successful establishment of the parasitoid in three locations in Kenya and in northern Tanzania. Functional response studies on this parasitoid and an indigenous congener, Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), indicated that C. flavipes had a higher searching ability and attacked more larvae when Chilo partellus was the host. When a native stemborer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, was the host, there was no significant difference between numbers attacked by both parasitoids. Numerical response studies showed that Cotesia flavipes produced more total progeny and female progeny per female parasitoid on Chilo partellus than did Cotesia sesamiae. No significant difference in progeny production was detected between the two parasitoids on S. calamistis. Functional and numerical responses tested in the laboratory gave the same ranking of the two parasitoids on the two hosts as in the field. This study suggests that Cotesia flavipes is a more efficient parasitoid and it is anticipated that it will contribute to the control of both exotic and native stemborers in Kenya.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of Cotesia flavipes and C. sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the management of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Kenya

Sallam¹,

Overholt

Kairu

1999

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…More specific to our region of interest, stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) has expanded its range in the low-altitude regions of eastern and southern Africa since its first detection in 1932 in part because of its efficiency in colonizing ratooned sorghum, thus outcompeting the stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) that was already present in the region (Kfir 1997). In South Africa, the first generation of C. partellus was found to only infest early grain sorghum tillers from a ratoon crop (Kfir 1992). Larval parasitism, mostly by Cotesia sesamiae, usually lags behind the peak larval population of even the native B. fusca in the ratooned sorghum crops of South Africa (Kfir and Bell 1993).…”

Section: Ratooned Sorghummentioning

confidence: 96%

Ratooning and perennial staple crops in Malawi. A review

Rogé

Snapp

Kakwera

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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The management of staple crops as perennials is a historic legacy and a present-day strategy in some regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, yet perenniality is rarely an agronomic subject. Farmers in Malawi cut annual crops, such as pigeonpea and sorghum, to extend production for more than one growing season. Cassava, a perennial food crop, has a proven track record of abating hunger. Here we review ratooning, as well as the historic role of perennial staple crops in Malawi. Ratooning is a method of harvesting a crop which leaves the roots and the lower parts of the plant uncut to give the ratoon or the stubble crop. This review is completed with interviews with Malawian farmers. The major points follow. The management of staple crops as perennials is underserved by research. Indeed, we retrieved only 86 references on ratooning sorghum and pigeonpea. Of these, 9 % and 19 % respectively were from the African continent. The literature and interviews indicate that pigeonpea and sorghum have high productive potential when well managed in ratoon systems. Thirty-five percent of interviewee responses that supported ratooning mentioned saving seed. Other primary reasons to ratoon include stimulating regrowth (30 %) and saving labor (20 %). However, 31 % of responses that were against ratooning cited increased disease potential, as well as excessive vegetative regrowth (18 %).

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“…In South Africa, the incidence of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on sorghum varies considerably between years and during the growing season of the crop (Bate, Van Rensburg & Giliomee, 1990;Van Rensburg & Van den Berg, 1992a;Kfir, 1992). As a result, the pest status of C. partellus varies greatly between seasons and plantings within a season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further complication in the chemical control of C. partellus is the overlapping of generations owing to staggered pupation (Van Hamburg, 1987;Kfir, Van Hamburg & Van Vuuren, 1989) and the recurrence of inft<sta-tion of the same planting at later crop growth stages (Van Rensburg & Van den Berg, 1992a). This results in larvae of all instars being present in a single field (Van Hamburg, 1987;Kfir, 1992). The plant growth stage at the time of infestation influences the type of injury caused by larvae (Alghali, 1987;Van Rensburg & Van den Berg, 1992d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a chemical control strategy for Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in grain sorghum

Berg

Westhuizen

1995

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Four field trials were conducted over three seasons to determine the optil1)um plant growth stages for single and follow-up insecticide applications for the control of Chilo partellu5 in grain sorghum. The insecticide was applied at various vegetative and reproductive plant growth stages. Different infestation levels were obtained by using different planting dates. A significant infestation level x treatment interaction (P < 0.001) was observed. Yield losses ranged beiween 10.7% and 24.7% for the most effective single application and 3.9% and 48.0% for the most effective follow-up application. The most efficient single application was at the mid-whorl or flag leaf stage. The most efficient follow-up application involved the flag leaf stage application combined with either a boot or soft dough stage application. An increase in infestation levels resulted in an increase in the efficacy of mid-whorl stage applications. Applications before the flag leaf stage appear to be necessary when approximately 20% of the plants exhibit whorl damage. The necessity for different control strategies for specific C. partellu5 infestation situations is emphasized.Vier veldproewe oor drie groeiseisoene is gedoen om die optimum plantgroeistadiums te bepaal vir enkel en opvolg insekdodertoedienings teen Chilo partellu5 in graansorghum. Insekdoder is op verskillende vegetatiewe en reproduktiewe plantgroeistadiums toegedien. Verskillende infestasievlakke is verkry met verskillende plantdatums. 'n Betekenisvolle interaksie (P < 0.001) het tussen infestasievlak en insekdoderbehandeling voorgekom. Oesverliese het tussen 10.7% en 24.7% gevarieer vir die mees effektiewe enkel insekdodertoediening en tussen 3.9% en 48.0% vir die mees effektiewe opvolgtoediening; Oor die algemeen was die mees effektiewe enkele toediening tydens die vlagblaarstadium. Die mees effektiewe opvolgbespuiting het altyd die vlagblaarbespuiting saam met 6f die pyp 6f sagtedeegstadium ingesluit. Die effektiwiteit van die mid-kelkstadiumbespuitings het toegeneem met 'n toename in infestasievlak. Dit wil voorkom as of 'n bespuiting voor die vlagblaarstadium nodig sal wees wanneer ongeveer 20% van die plante kelkskade toon. Die noodsaaklikheid van verskillende beheerstrategiee vir spesifieke C. partellu5 infestasie-situasies word beklemtoon.

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Seasonal Abundance of the Stem Borer Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its Parasites on Summer Grain Crops

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative evaluation of Cotesia flavipes and C. sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the management of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Kenya

Comparative evaluation of Cotesia flavipes and C. sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the management of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Kenya

Ratooning and perennial staple crops in Malawi. A review

Development of a chemical control strategy for Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in grain sorghum

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