Searching for Gravitational Waves from Cosmological Phase Transitions with the NANOGrav 12.5-Year Dataset

Arzoumanian, Zaven; Baker, P. T.; Blumer, Harsha; Bécsy, B.; Brazier, A.; Brook, Paul R.; Burke-Spolaor, Sarah; Charisi, Maria; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Siyuan; Cordes, J. M.; Cornish, N.; Crawford, F.; Cromartie, H. T.; DeCesar, Megan E.; Demorest, Paul; Dolch, Timothy; Ellis, Justin; Ferrara, E. C.; Fiore, William; Fonseca, Emmanuel; Garver-Daniels, Nathan; Gentile, Peter A.; Good, Deborah C.; Hazboun, Jeffrey S.; Holgado, A. M.; Islo, Kristina; Jennings, Ross J.; Jones, Megan L.; Kaiser, Andrew R.; Kaplan, David L.; Kelley, Luke Zoltan; Key, J. S.; Laal, Nima; Lam, Michael T.; Lazio, T. Joseph W.; Lee, Vincent S. H.; Lorimer, D. R.; Luo, Jing; Lynch, R.; Madison, D. R.; McLaughlin, Maura; Mingarelli, Chiara M. F.; Mitridate, Andrea; Ng, Cherry; Nice, D. J.; Pennucci, Timothy T.; Pol, Nihan S.; Ransom, Scott M.; Ray, Paul S.; Shapiro-Albert, Brent J.; Siemens, X.; Simon, Joseph; Spiewak, R.; Stairs, I. H.; Stinebring, Daniel R.; Stovall, K.; Sun, Jerry P.; Swiggum, Joseph K.; Taylor, Stephen R.; Turner, Jacob E.; Vallisneri, Michele; Vigeland, Sarah J.; Witt, Caitlin A.; Zurek, Kathryn M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.251302

“…Recently, both the PPTA and NANOGrav have placed constraints on first-order phase transitions in the early Universe [296,297]. In [296], the authors use 45 pulsars to search for a signal from first-order phase transitions using three different models.…”

Section: Search Results For An Anisotropic Nanohertz Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects

Renzini

¹

,

Goncharov

²

,

Jenkins

³

et al. 2022

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The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny fraction of all GW signals that reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit and are undetected. Similarly to voices in a crowded room, the collection of unresolved signals gives rise to a background that is well-described via stochastic variables and, hence, referred to as the stochastic GW background (SGWB). In this review, we provide an overview of stochastic GW signals and characterise them based on features of interest such as generation processes and observational properties. We then review the current detection strategies for stochastic backgrounds, offering a ready-to-use manual for stochastic GW searches in real data. In the process, we distinguish between interferometric measurements of GWs, either by ground-based or space-based laser interferometers, and timing-residuals analyses with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). These detection methods have been applied to real data both by large GW collaborations and smaller research groups, and the most recent and instructive results are reported here. We close this review with an outlook on future observations with third generation detectors, space-based interferometers, and potential noninterferometric detection methods proposed in the literature.

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“…Recently, both the PPTA and NANOGrav have placed constraints on first-order phase transitions in the early Universe [297,298]. In [297], the authors use 45 pulsars to search for a signal from first-order phase transitions using three different models.…”

Section: Search Results For a Nanohertz Background Not Related To Sup...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, both the PPTA and NANOGrav have placed constraints on first-order phase transitions in the early Universe [297,298]. In [297], the authors use 45 pulsars to search for a signal from first-order phase transitions using three different models. The common spectrum process first reported in NANOGrav data in [54] is also consistent with a first-order phase transition at temperatures below the electroweak scale, with T 10 MeV at the 1σ.…”

Section: Search Results For a Nanohertz Background Not Related To Sup...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects

Renzini¹,

Goncharov²,

Jenkins³

et al. 2022

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny fraction of all GW signals that reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit and are undetected. Similarly to voices in a crowded room, the collection of unresolved signals gives rise to a background that is well-described via stochastic variables and, hence, referred to as the stochastic GW background (SGWB). In this review, we provide an overview of stochastic GW signals and characterise them based on features of interest such as generation processes and observational properties. We then review the current detection strategies for stochastic backgrounds, offering a ready-to-use manual for stochastic GW searches in real data. In the process, we distinguish between interferometric measurements of GWs, either by ground-based or space-based laser interferometers, and timing-residuals analyses with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). These detection methods have been applied to real data both by large GW collaborations and smaller research groups, and the most recent and instructive results are reported here. We close this review with an outlook on future observations with third generation detectors, space-based interferometers, and potential noninterferometric detection methods proposed in the literature.

show abstract

“…Several sources could produce such a signal, in particular a population of merging supermassive black hole binaries [19][20][21]. Cosmological sources have also been proposed, including inflationary GWs [22][23][24][25][26][27], cosmic strings and domain walls [24,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], primordial black holes [37][38][39][40], supercooled and dark phase transitions [41][42][43][44], and the QCD phase transition [45,46], as well as primordial magnetic fields [47,48].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravitational wave signal from primordial magnetic fields in the Pulsar Timing Array frequency band

Pol,

Caprini,

Neronov

et al. 2022

Preprint

0

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Searching for Gravitational Waves from Cosmological Phase Transitions with the NANOGrav 12.5-Year Dataset

Cited by 88 publications

References 69 publications

Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects

Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects

Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects

Gravitational wave signal from primordial magnetic fields in the Pulsar Timing Array frequency band

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