Search, Rescue, and Care of the Injured following the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake

Movahedi, H.

doi:10.1193/1.2090469

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Our study is one of few, which took the shortage of medical resources in the early phase into consideration. There was a noticeable shortage of beds, blankets, triage tags, medicine and intravenous fluids, during the first days after the earthquake [ 14 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitators and obstacles in pre-hospital medical response to earthquakes: a qualitative study

Djalali

Khankeh

Öhlén

et al. 2011

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med

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BackgroundEarthquakes are renowned as being amongst the most dangerous and destructive types of natural disasters. Iran, a developing country in Asia, is prone to earthquakes and is ranked as one of the most vulnerable countries in the world in this respect. The medical response in disasters is accompanied by managerial, logistic, technical, and medical challenges being also the case in the Bam earthquake in Iran. Our objective was to explore the medical response to the Bam earthquake with specific emphasis on pre-hospital medical management during the first days.MethodsThe study was performed in 2008; an interview based qualitative study using content analysis. We conducted nineteen interviews with experts and managers responsible for responding to the Bam earthquake, including pre-hospital emergency medical services, the Red Crescent, and Universities of Medical Sciences. The selection of participants was determined by using a purposeful sampling method. Sample size was given by data saturation.ResultsThe pre-hospital medical service was divided into three categories; triage, emergency medical care and transportation, each category in turn was identified into facilitators and obstacles. The obstacles identified were absence of a structured disaster plan, absence of standardized medical teams, and shortage of resources. The army and skilled medical volunteers were identified as facilitators.ConclusionsThe most compelling, and at the same time amenable obstacle, was the lack of a disaster management plan. It was evident that implementing a comprehensive plan would not only save lives but decrease suffering and enable an effective praxis of the available resources at pre-hospital and hospital levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitators and obstacles in pre-hospital medical response to earthquakes: a qualitative study

Djalali

Khankeh

Öhlén

et al. 2011

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med

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“…49 (2003 Southeastern Iran) showed good efficiency in the early stage, but this worsened over time. According to Ibrion et al [24,25], the SAR work organized by the government was slow, while the initial SAR was mostly executed by local residents [26]. Residents actively participated in the SAR work and mobilized community relief organizations, which is a major feature of emergency disaster management in developing countries [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators for Post-Disaster Search and Rescue Efficiency Developed Using Progressive Death Tolls

Chiu

Omura

Chen³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Search and rescue (SAR) is often the focus during the post-disaster response phase. It is operated under the principle of the “golden 72 h”; however, the actual efficiency of each operation lacks a standard for review. On the basis of continuously updated death toll data during the SAR cases of 51 earthquakes and 10 rainfall-induced disasters, this study developed indicators corresponding to various death tolls for reviewing the time costs and the progress of different stages of SAR. Through analysis of the established indicators, the results showed that said indicators are capable of evaluating the efficiency of SAR. These indicators also revealed that earthquake cases, with or without serious secondary disasters (e.g., tsunamis), significantly affected SAR efficiency. The regression results showed that the SAR efficiency of rainfall-induced disasters is much lower than that of earthquake disasters. Additionally, it was shown that the first casualty reports are typically late and that SAR works last a long time, highlighting the difficulty and possible delay of SAR works during rainfall-induced disasters. Previous studies and analyses might have been able to make subjective descriptions of each SAR operation; however, this study quantitatively indicates the difference between actual and expected efficiency under specific death tolls.

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“…Few EMCUs have been established to date in Iran. The absence of EMCUs in Bam in 2003 led to existing hospitals being overwhelmed and considerable problems in treating serious cases (Movahedi, 2005).…”

Section: Emergency Medical Care Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of urban planning guidelines for improving emergency response capacities in seismic areas of Iran

et al. 2009

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This paper presents the results of research carried out to improve emergency response activities in earthquake-prone areas of Iran. The research concentrated on emergency response operations, emergency medical care, emergency transportation, and evacuation-the most important issues after an earthquake with regard to saving the lives of victims. For each topic, some guidelines and criteria are presented for enhancing emergency response activities, based on evaluations of experience of strong earthquakes that have occurred over the past two decades in Iran, notably Manjil (1990), Bam (2003), Firouz Abad-Kojour (2004), Zarand (2005) and Broujerd (2006). These guidelines and criteria are applicable to other national contexts, especially countries with similar seismic and social conditions as Iran. The results of this study should be incorporated into comprehensive plans to ensure sustainable development or reconstruction of cities as well as to augment the efficiency of emergency response after an earthquake.

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Search, Rescue, and Care of the Injured following the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Facilitators and obstacles in pre-hospital medical response to earthquakes: a qualitative study

Facilitators and obstacles in pre-hospital medical response to earthquakes: a qualitative study

Indicators for Post-Disaster Search and Rescue Efficiency Developed Using Progressive Death Tolls

Development of urban planning guidelines for improving emergency response capacities in seismic areas of Iran

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