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An evaluation of the socioeconomic consequences of earthquakes is an essential part of the development of risk reduction and disaster management plans. However, these variables are not normally addressed sufficiently after strong earthquakes; researchers and relevant stakeholders focus primarily on the physical damage and casualties. The importance of the socioeconomic consequences of seismic events became clearer in Iran after the Bam earthquake on 26 December 2003, as demonstrated by the formulation and approval of various laws and ordinances. This paper reviews the country's regulatory framework in the light of the socioeconomic aspects of two major and destructive earthquakes: in Manjil-Rudbar in 1990, and in Bam in 2003. The results take the form of recommendations and practical strategies for incorporating the socioeconomic dimensions of earthquakes in disaster risk management planning. The results presented here can be applied in other countries with similar conditions to those of Iran in order to improve public preparedness and risk reduction.

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In order to model the building seismic loss for Tehran, urban databases have been compiled and processed considering different census zones, city blocks, and parcel records. Aerial photos, together with stereo image processing and ground survey data, have provided parcel level geospatial information. These data sets include urban features, land uses, and building inventory with height information. This research also focuses on the selection and the development of structural vulnerability functions and risk algorithms. The damage curves are selected or modified according to some regional data, the ATC-13 report, and the functions obtained for Costa Rica. Also, analytical fragility curves are derived and adopted for the area of study after the HAZUS-FEMA methodology. Finally, an upgradeable seismic risk model is developed in GIS using all compiled input data and structural vulnerability functions.

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