Search Methods and Outcomes in Developing Countries: The Case of Venezuela

Abstract

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Fiscal policy and the structure of production in a two-sector developing economy

“…For example, more than 72% of those who work in the shadow economy and more than 52% of those who work in the formal sector rely on the social networks to move from one sector to another in Venezuela (Marquez and Ruiz-Tagle, 2004). These networks payoff only when someone is already unemployed for a while (Marquez and Ruiz-Tagle, 2004;Gong et al, 2004;Serneels, 2007).…”

Intragenerational Income Mobility in Latin America

“…Márquez and Ruiz-Tagle (2004) study employment mobility in Venezuela as an input for contrasting job search models in Latin America.…”

Diasporas, remittances and economic development: A case study of the Bardejov region in Slovakia.

“…On the contrary, Beine's (2009) analysis of a bilateral data set on international migration by educational attainment from 195 countries to 30 OECD countries in 1990-2000 shows that less educated and longer-term unemployed workers and workers who were fired from previous jobs tend to rely more on employment agencies and social contacts (Gregg and Wadsworth, 1996;Heath, 1999;Korpi, 2001;Larsen, 2008;Marquez and Ruiz-Tagle, 2004;Weber and Mahringer, 2007). However, Addison and Portugal (2002) concluded that low skilled and less educated emigrants in Portugal used employment agencies unequally.…”

“…Using the case of Venezuela, Marquez and Ruiz-Tagle (2004) suggest that more educated workers tend to use mostly formal job search methods, especially in form of advertisements. In addition, they argue that workers who are employed in formal, full-benefits jobs are most likely to use formal job search methods which also result in higher chances of finding a formal job (Marquez and Ruiz-Tagle, 2004). Basker (2003) in his study on the job search and education explains that higher-skilled emigrants expect higher returns from their job search.…”

“…It has been argued that different job search mechanisms bring about different types of employment and wage-effects (Tayen and Boheim, 2002) Formal search methods are expected to have higher hits in finding more foimal jobs (Marquez and Ruiz-Tagle, 2004) As Table 5 8 shows, the emigrants who used social netwoiks (informal search method) found employment mostly in the services sector However, it is inteiesting to note that some emigrants were able to secure administrative and white collar jobs as well (see Table 5 8) As regards the formal job search mechanisms, lecruiting agencies aie more likely to lead emigiants to blue collai jobs On the contiaiy, emigrants using internet, as a fonnal job seaich method, were more likely to find white collar jobs than other types of jobs (see Table 5 show, the emigration from the Bardejov district has raised the income level of emigrants: the average monthly income of emigrants has increased nearly six times after emigration which confirms the predominant hypothesis that it is the wage-differentials and better employment prospects in the destination countries that drive emigration from the Bardejov district in Slovakia.…”