Search for Variation in the Ovine KAP7-1 and KAP8-1 Genes Using Polymerase Chain Reaction–Single-Stranded Conformational Polymorphism Screening

Gong, Hua; Zhou, Huitong; Plowman, Jeffrey E.; Dyer, Jolon M.; Hickford, Jonathan G. H.

doi:10.1089/dna.2011.1346

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…This is consistent with the finding of sequence variation in other ovine KRTAPs (Gong et al 2012a; Gong et al 2011a; Gong et al 2011b; Gong et al 2012b; Gong et al 2012c; Zhou et al 2012). However, in contrast to other KRTAPs , the variation found in ovine KRTAP8-2 was not within the coding region, but instead located near the TATA box.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The sheep KAP8-2 gene, a new KAP8 family member that is absent in humans

et al. 2014

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The keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are fundamental components of hair and wool fibres, and are believed to in part be responsible for some of the properties of these fibres. KAPs can be divided into three groups: the high sulphur (HS) KAPs, the ultra-high sulphur (UHS) KAPs and the high glycine-tyrosine (HGT) KAPs. KAP8 is a HGT-KAP family and was believed to be coded for by a single gene in both humans and sheep. However, the recent identification of a KAP8-2 gene in goats led us to investigate whether a KAP8-2 gene exists in sheep.A BLAST search of the Ovine Genome Assembly v2.0 using the coding sequence of caprine KRTAP8-2 identified a homologous region on sheep chromosome 1 (OAR1:123005473_123005664; E = e-101). This region was clustered with a number of previously identified KAP genes including (in order from the centromere) KRTAP11-1, KRTAP7-1, KRTAP8-1, KRTAP6-2, KRTAP6-1, KRTAP13-3 and KRTAP24-1. PCR-SSCP analysis of the notional gene revealed two dissimilar PCR-SSCP banding patterns, representing two DNA sequences. A single nucleotide difference 21 bp upstream of the TATA box was identified. The two sequences did not have great homology with known ovine KRTAP sequences, but high sequence identity was found with KRTAP8-2 from goats and reindeer. These results suggest that sheep possess a KAP8-2 gene and that this gene is polymorphic.The notional KAP8-2 protein is comprised of 63 amino acid residues and is rich in glycine and tyrosine, but has a low cysteine content. In contrast to other HGT-KAPs, ovine KAP8-2 contains more acidic amino acid residues, and this would likely result in a lower isoelectric point (pI) of 6.3.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-528) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The sheep KAP8-2 gene, a new KAP8 family member that is absent in humans

et al. 2014

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“…Only one member of the KAP8 gene family has been identified to date (McLaren et al, 1997;Gong et al, 2012). Previous studies have demonstrated abundant variations in the KAP8 gene.…”

Section: Kap8 Gene Polymorphismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood et al (1992) reported 11 KAP8 alleles in a group of 33 unrelated sheep from various breeds based on dinucleotide length variation in PCR amplification of the 5'-flanking region of the gene. More recently, five different nucleic acid sequences were found in the CDS region of the KAP8 gene (Gong et al, 2012).…”

Section: Kap8 Gene Polymorphismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of KAP6, KAP7, and KAP8 genes in four Chinese sheep breeds

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT. High glycine-tyrosine proteins (HGTPs), also known as keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), play a key role in the major structures and mechanical properties of wool fiber. Sheep HGTPs consist of three multigene families: KAP6, KAP7, and KAP8 genes. Polymorphisms of these three genes have been proposed to have important effects on wool fiber traits. The aim of the present study was to identify polymorphisms of the KAP6, KAP7, and KAP8 genes in four sheep breeds, including Chinese Merino superfine wool sheep, Hu sheep, a Merino x Hu crossed breed, and Romney sheep. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product direct sequencing, PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism, and cloned sequencing methods were used to find genetic variation and identify polymorphisms in these genes. The Mutation Surveyor v3.97 software was used to analyze the sequences. These methods revealed six different sequences of the KAP6 gene, two different sequences of the KAP7 gene, and five different sequences of the KAP8 gene. Accordingly, 3439©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (2): 3438-3445 (2014) Polymorphisms of sheep wool keratin-associated protein genes three (with frequencies >1%) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the KAP6 gene, one SNP of the KAP7 gene, and five SNPs of the KAP8 gene were detected. Interestingly, some of these sequences were present in only certain sheep breeds, thereby suggesting that these special allele sequences could be used as candidate genes of wool characteristics in further studies.

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“… 1 HS: ≤30 mol % cysteine; UHS: >30 mol % cysteine; HGT: 35-60 mol % of glycine and tyrosine. 2 Membership is based on the identification of the gene, and not the protein. 3 Numbers after “+” represent pseudogenes, and numbers of family members having genetic variation reported are shown in the brackets. 4 Superscript letters indicate the references from which the genetic information was derived: a 35, b 7, c 29, d 40, e 41, f 42, g 43, h 30, i 44, j 3, k 36, l 4, m 45, n 37, o 26, p 25, q 5, r 23, s 6, t 46, u 38 and v 39. 5 While there are currently only three genes reported in the literature for KAP1, there are four known protein sequences. 6 No ovine genes have been identified, despite three protein sequences having been reported 10,47.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Nomenclature for Keratin-Associated Proteins (KAPs)

Gong¹,

Zhou²,

McKenzie³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Most protein in hair and wool is of two broad types: keratin intermediate filament-forming proteins (commonly known as keratins) and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs). Keratin nomenclature was reviewed in 2006, but the KAP nomenclature has not been revised since 1993. Recently there has been an increase in the number of KAP genes (KRTAPs) identified in humans and other species, and increasingly reports of variation in these genes. We therefore propose that an updated naming system is needed to accommodate the complexity of the KAPs. It is proposed that the system is founded in the previous nomenclature, but with the abbreviation sp-KAPm-nL*x for KAP proteins and sp-KRTAPm-n(p/L)*x for KAP genes. In this system “sp” is a unique letter-based code for different species as described by the protein knowledge-based UniProt. “m” is a number identifying the gene or protein family, “n” is a constituent member of that family, “p” signifies a pseudogene if present, “L” if present signifies “like” and refers to a temporary “place-holder” until the family is confirmed and “x” signifies a genetic variant or allele. We support the use of non-italicised text for the proteins and italicised text for the genes.This nomenclature is not that different to the existing system, but it includes species information and also describes genetic variation if identified, and hence is more informative. For example, GenBank sequence JN091630 would historically have been named KRTAP7-1 for the gene and KAP7-1 for the protein, but with the proposed nomenclature would be SHEEP-KRTAP7-1*A and SHEEP-KAP7-1*A for the gene and protein respectively. This nomenclature will facilitate more efficient storage and retrieval of data and define a common language for the KAP proteins and genes from all mammalian species.

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Search for Variation in the Ovine KAP7-1 and KAP8-1 Genes Using Polymerase Chain Reaction–Single-Stranded Conformational Polymorphism Screening

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

The sheep KAP8-2 gene, a new KAP8 family member that is absent in humans

The sheep KAP8-2 gene, a new KAP8 family member that is absent in humans

Polymorphisms of KAP6, KAP7, and KAP8 genes in four Chinese sheep breeds

An Updated Nomenclature for Keratin-Associated Proteins (KAPs)

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