Seals, salmon and stakeholders: integrating knowledge to reduce biodiversity conflict

Graham, Isla M.; Harris, Robert N.; Middlemas, Stuart J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00513.x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Photo-identification and telemetry demonstrated that some individual seals specialize in using rivers (Graham et al, 2011a, b). Samples collected from seals shot in rivers showed that these individuals were more likely to consume salmonids than seals hauling out at coastal sites (Graham et al, 2011b). Together the results justified the targeting of rogue seals in Management Areas (Graham and Harris, 2010).…”

Section: Progress Towards Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Evaluating adaptive co-management as conservation conflict resolution: Learning from seals and salmon

Butler

Young

McMYN

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Management

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By linking iterative learning and knowledge generation with power-sharing, adaptive co-management (ACM) provides a potential solution to resolving complex social-ecological problems. In this paper we evaluate ACM as a mechanism for resolving conservation conflict using a case study in Scotland, where seal and salmon fishery stakeholders have opposing and entrenched objectives. ACM emerged in 2002, successfully resolving this long-standing conflict. Applying evaluation approaches from the literature, in 2011 we interviewed stakeholders to characterise the evolution of ACM, and factors associated with its success over 10 years. In common with other ACM cases, triggers for the process were shifts in slow variables controlling the system (seal and salmon abundance, public perceptions of seal shooting), and exogenous shocks (changes in legal mandates, a seal disease outbreak). Also typical of ACM, three phases of evolution were evident: emerging local leadership preparing the system for change, a policy window of opportunity, and stakeholder partnerships building the resilience of the system. Parameters maintaining ACM were legal mechanisms and structures, legal power held by government, and the willingness of all stakeholders to reach a compromise and experiment with an alternative governance approach. Results highlighted the critical role of government power and support in resolving conservation conflict, which may constrain the extent of local stakeholder-driven ACM. The evaluation also demonstrated how, following perceived success, the trajectory of ACM has shifted to a 'stakeholder apathy' phase, with declining leadership, knowledge exchange, stakeholder engagement, and system resilience. We discuss remedial actions required to revive the process, and the importance of long term government resourcing and alternative financing schemes for successful conflict resolution. Based on the results we present a generic indicator framework and participatory method for the longitudinal evaluation of ACM applied to conservation conflict resolution.

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Section: Progress Towards Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Evaluating adaptive co-management as conservation conflict resolution: Learning from seals and salmon

Butler

Young

McMYN

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Legal lethal mitigation measures were rare and primarily reported in Northern Europe in response to grey and harbour seal depredation (Butler et al, 2008; Westerberg et al, 2008). In this area, subsets of individuals within populations having specialized into depredation and/or foraging in areas overlapping those used by fishers, promoting selective killing approaches instead of generalized culling at haul‐out sites (Graham, Harris, Matejusová, & Middlemas, 2011; Königson et al, 2013). However, while selective removals were effective at reducing grey seal depredation, this was unsuccessful in the Swedish eel fyke‐net fishery (Königson, 2011) and more conservation sensitive for declining seal populations in the UK (Graham, Harris, & Middlemas, 2011).…”

Section: Mitigation Attemptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When large marine predators feed on fisheries catches: Global patterns of the depredation conflict and directions for coexistence

et al. 2020

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The sustainable mitigation of human-wildlife conflicts has become a major societal and environmental challenge globally. Among these conflicts, large marine predators feeding on fisheries catches, a behaviour termed "depredation," has emerged concomitantly with the expansion of the world's fisheries. Depredation poses threats to both the socioeconomic viability of fisheries and species conservation, stressing the need for mitigation. This review synthesizes the extent and socio-ecological impacts of depredation by sharks and marine mammals across the world, and the

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“…Terrestrial human‐wildlife conflicts have been thoroughly studied, and there are clearly many points of commonality between such conflicts and marine human‐wildlife conflicts (Graham et al [], Linnell []). For example, the unequal share of benefits and costs to society is common to conflicts in both terrestrial and marine environments; the benefits from wildlife conservation spread to the society as a whole, while the costs are acute and locally borne (Nyhus et al [], Walpole and Thouless []).…”

Section: Seal‐fishery Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economics of Conflicting Interests: Northern Baltic Salmon Fishery Adaption to Gray Seal Abundance

Holma

Lindroos

Oinonen

2014

Natural Resource Modeling

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The successful conservation of gray seals has led to increased seal‐induced damage to the Atlantic salmon fisheries of the Baltic Sea. This paper addresses the conflict between the conservation of a formerly endangered species, the gray seal, and professional fishermen, whose livelihoods are affected by both seal‐induced damage and salmon fisheries management. We develop a bioeconomic model that incorporates the age structure of Atlantic salmon and gray seal populations. To determine the social optimum, we maximize the discounted net present value of the trap net fishery, taking into account the presence of seals in the form of seal‐induced losses, which we describe using a damage function. By choosing the optimal combination of fishing gear over time, we obtain the socially optimal fishing efforts, salmon stock size, and salmon catch. In addition, we study the private effects of introducing a technology subsidy aimed at mitigating the seal‐salmon conflict. The results suggest that technological adaptation would effectively reduce the cause of the conflict, while a technology subsidy encouraging such adaptation would shift the economic responsibility from individual fishermen to the broader public.

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Seals, salmon and stakeholders: integrating knowledge to reduce biodiversity conflict

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluating adaptive co-management as conservation conflict resolution: Learning from seals and salmon

Evaluating adaptive co-management as conservation conflict resolution: Learning from seals and salmon

When large marine predators feed on fisheries catches: Global patterns of the depredation conflict and directions for coexistence

The Economics of Conflicting Interests: Northern Baltic Salmon Fishery Adaption to Gray Seal Abundance

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