Sealing Ability of Three Different Surface Coating Materials on Conventional and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Restoration in Primary Anterior Teeth: An In vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction: Microleakage is an important property that has been used in assessing the success of any restorative material used in restoring a tooth. Immediate application of a surface coating agent is suggested to protect glass ionomer cement against moisture contamination and dehydration during early setting. Aim: To compare marginal microleakage of two different Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC)- Conventional GIC and Resin Modified GIC in primary anterior teeth using three surface coating materials. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted between January 2014 to October 2017 on freshly extracted 40 anterior primary teeth which were randomly assigned into two main groups (Fuji II GIC and Fuji II LC GIC) with four subgroups (control-no surface coating, A=GC Fují Varnish II, B=GC G-Coat Plus, C=Icon). A standardised Class V cavity preparation was prepared on the labial surface of each tooth. Specimens were coated with two layers of nail varnish, leaving a 1 mm window around the cavity margins and placed in a solution of Methylene blue Dye for 24 hour at 37°C. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction of the restorations and evaluated under stereomicroscope to check extent of dye penetration. The results were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p≤0.05). Results: It was found that maximum microleakage was seen in group 1 (Fuji II GIC) as compared to group 2 (Fuji II LC GIC) and it was non-significant (p=0.53). Ascending order for mean microleakage for Group 1 was as follows: Control >GC Fuji Varnish >Icon DMG >GC G-Coat and for Group 2: Control >GC Fuji Varnish >Icon DMG >GC G-Coat. Icon when compared with Gc coat and Varnish also showed non-significant (p=0.137) difference in Group 2. Conclusion: All three different surface coatings can seal glass ionomer restorations. The GC G-Coat Plus has the least microleakage on Resin-Modified GIC (RMGIC) compared to the other surface coatings. This would aid the clinicians to make appropriate decision regarding the choice of material to be used for restoration and coating in anterior primary teeth.

Microleakage and Marginal Integrity of Surface-Coated and Laser-Pretreated Class V Composite Restorations in Primary Teeth

“…Recent investigations reported significantly lower microleakage in the resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer cement restorations in primary dentition coated with G-Coat Plus in primary teeth. 24,25 Conclusively, the surface coating would benefit all types of glass ionomer restorations. 26 The current study also assessed laser pretreatment, which showed no significant effect on the microleakage, compared with the control group.…”

Comparative Evaluation of the Microleakage of Glass Ionomers as Restorative Materials: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

“…All the included studies were in vitro studies published between 1993 and 2021. Of them, 1 study was conducted in Turkey [44], 1 in the USA [52], 1 in Egypt [27], 1 in Iraq [39], 1 in Indonesia [43], 2 in Belgium [48,49], 3 in Brazil [42,50,51] and 5 in India [40,41,[45][46][47]. The sample size varied from 15 to 200 teeth; a total of 1159 teeth were evaluated.…”

“…The prepared cavities were classified as Class V except in two studies, where Class I was also used [45,46], and in one study, where the authors performed restorations of bacterial artificial root caries [50]. The selected teeth varied, with 5 studies on extracted primary teeth [39][40][41][42][43] and 10 studies on extracted permanent teeth [27,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Sound teeth were selected in most studies except one study on primary teeth [41] and one on permanent teeth [46], where caries teeth were selected.…”

“…Conventional GIC restorative materials used were Fuji II [40,47,48,52], Fuji IX [39,41,43,45,46,48], Equia Fil [27,44], Riva Self Cure [44], Ketac Fil [52], Ketac Fil Plus [49,50], Ketac Molar Easymix [42], and Ionofil Molar [49]. RMGICs used were Fuji II LC [27,[39][40][41]43,45,47,48,51,52], Fuji VIII [48], Vitremer [50,51], and Photac Fil [49,52].…”

“…Conventional GIC restorative materials used were Fuji II [40,47,48,52], Fuji IX [39,41,43,45,46,48], Equia Fil [27,44], Riva Self Cure [44], Ketac Fil [52], Ketac Fil Plus [49,50], Ketac Molar Easymix [42], and Ionofil Molar [49]. RMGICs used were Fuji II LC [27,[39][40][41]43,45,47,48,51,52], Fuji VIII [48], Vitremer [50,51], and Photac Fil [49,52]. Other materials used were GICs reinforced with nano-zirconia fillers (Zirconomer Improved) [44], nano-filled carbonized glass (glass carbomer: Glass Fill) [44], bioactive ionic resin (Activa Bioactive Restorative) (27), highly reactive glass (hybrid GIC: Equia Forte) (41), and nanofilled RMGIC (Ketac N100) [42,43,[45][46][47].…”