Sea-Level and Ocean Heat-Content Change

Church, John A.; White, Neil J.; Domingues, Catia M.; Monselesan, Didier; Miles, Elaine R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391851-2.00027-1

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…Inter-annual variations in the predicted distribution of fin whales showed that increased use of the Irminger Sea in 2001 and 2007 ( Figures 10D,E) coincided with an increase in SSH in the area. Sea-level changes are often related to ocean heat-content changes, as water expands with increasing temperatures (Church et al, 2013). The observed changes in SST and SSH over the years have previously been reported to have ecosystem consequences (Ottersen et al, 2001;Häkkinen and Rhines, 2004;Hátún et al, 2009).…”

Section: Fin Whalesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Distribution, abundance, and feeding ecology of baleen whales in Icelandic waters: have recent environmental changes had an effect?

Víkingsson¹,

Pike²,

Valdimarsson

et al. 2015

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The location of Iceland at the junction of submarine ridges in the NorthEast Atlantic where warm and cold water masses meet south of the Arctic Circle contributes to high productivity of the waters around the island. During the last two decades, substantial increases in sea temperature and salinity have been reported. Concurrently, pronounced changes have occurred in the distribution of several fish species and euphausiids. The distribution and abundance of cetaceans in the Central and Eastern North Atlantic have been monitored regularly since 1987. Significant changes in the distribution and abundance of several cetacean species have occurred in this time period. The abundance of Central North Atlantic (CNA) humpback and fin whales has increased from 1800 to 11,600 and 15,200 to 20,600, respectively, in the period 1987-2007. In contrast, the abundance of minke whales on the Icelandic continental shelf decreased from around 44,000 in 2001 to 20,000 in 2007 and 10,000 in 2009. The increase in fin whale abundance was accompanied by expansion of distribution into the deep waters of the Irminger Sea. The distribution of the endangered blue whale has shifted northwards in this period. The habitat selection of fin whales was analyzed with respect to physical variables (temperature, depth, salinity) using a generalized additive model, and the results suggest that abundance was influenced by an interaction between the physical variables depth and distance to the 2000 m isobaths, but also by sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), However, environmental data generally act as proxies of other variables, to which the whales respond directly. Overall, these changes in cetacean distribution and abundance may be a functional feeding response of the cetacean species to physical and biological changes in the marine environment, including decreased abundance of euphausiids, a northward shift in summer distribution of capelin and a crash in the abundance of sand eel.

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Section: Fin Whalesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Distribution, abundance, and feeding ecology of baleen whales in Icelandic waters: have recent environmental changes had an effect?

Víkingsson¹,

Pike²,

Valdimarsson

et al. 2015

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…Assessing the contribution of polar ice sheets to future sea level rise (SLR) is a major challenge that ice-sheet models are intended to address. Most of the ice loss from the Antarctic ice sheet, which constitutes the largest potential source of future SLR, occurs through solid ice discharge into the ocean and is controlled by marine terminating glaciers (Church and others, 2013). In this context, accurate knowledge of the position of the grounding line (GL), the limit beyond which grounded ice starts floating, is critical for reliable calculations of the current mass budget (Rignot and others, 2011) and proper modelling of its dynamics is required for future SLR projections (Durand and Pattyn, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of grounding line dynamics to the choice of the friction law

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT. Basal slip accounts for a large part of the flow of ice streams draining ice from Antarctica and Greenland into the ocean. Therefore, an appropriate representation of basal slip in ice flow models is a prerequisite for accurate sea level rise projections. Various friction laws have been proposed to describe basal slip in models. Here, we compare the influence on grounding line (GL) dynamics of four friction laws: the traditional Weertman law and three effective pressure-dependent laws, namely the Schoof, Tsai and Budd laws. It turns out that, even when they are tuned to a common initial reference state, the Weertman, Budd and Schoof laws lead to thoroughly different steady-state positions, although the Schoof and Tsai laws lead to much the same result. In particular, under certain circumstances, it is possible to obtain a steady GL located on a reverse slope area using the Weertman law. Furthermore, the predicted transient evolution of the GL as well as the projected contributions to sea level rise over a 100-year time horizon vary significantly depending on the friction law. We conclude on the importance of choosing an appropriate law for reliable sea level rise projections and emphasise the need for a coupling between ice flow models and physically based subglacial hydrological models.

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“…Figure 7A shows the range of sea-level rise projections that were applied in the model to calculate shoreline response, which reflect the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) global mean sea-level rise (GMSL) projections from the Fifth Assessment Report [19]. The IPCC projections for southeast Australia suggest a sea-level rise of around 0-10% above the global average [92,93]. As GMSL projections presented in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) were restricted to the "likely" range (17th to 83rd percentiles), we used linear extrapolation to extend the distribution tails to cover the 0-100th percentile range.…”

Section: Model Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second-Pass Assessment of Potential Exposure to Shoreline Change in New South Wales, Australia, Using a Sediment Compartments Framework

Kinsela

Morris

Linklater

et al. 2017

JMSE

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Abstract:The impacts of coastal erosion are expected to increase through the present century, and beyond, as accelerating global mean sea-level rise begins to enhance or dominate local shoreline dynamics. In many cases, beach (and shoreline) response to sea-level rise will not be limited to passive inundation, but may be amplified or moderated by sediment redistribution between the beach and the broader coastal sedimentary system. We describe a simple and scalable approach for estimating the potential for beach erosion and shoreline change on wave-dominated sandy beaches, using a coastal sediment compartments framework to parameterise the geomorphology and connectivity of sediment-sharing coastal systems. We apply the approach at regional and local scales in order to demonstrate the sensitivity of forecasts to the available data. The regional-scale application estimates potential present and future asset exposure to coastal erosion in New South Wales, Australia. The assessment suggests that shoreline recession due to sea-level rise could drive a steep increase in the number and distribution of asset exposure in the present century. The local-scale example demonstrates the potential sensitivity of erosion impacts to the distinctive coastal geomorphology of individual compartments. Our findings highlight that the benefits of applying a coastal sediment compartments framework increase with the coverage and detail of geomorphic data that is available to parameterise sediment-sharing systems and sediment budget principles. Such data is crucial to reducing uncertainty in forecasts by understanding the potential response of key sediment sources and sinks (e.g., the shoreface, estuaries) to sea-level rise in different settings.

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Sea-Level and Ocean Heat-Content Change

Cited by 15 publications

References 222 publications

Distribution, abundance, and feeding ecology of baleen whales in Icelandic waters: have recent environmental changes had an effect?

Distribution, abundance, and feeding ecology of baleen whales in Icelandic waters: have recent environmental changes had an effect?

Sensitivity of grounding line dynamics to the choice of the friction law

Second-Pass Assessment of Potential Exposure to Shoreline Change in New South Wales, Australia, Using a Sediment Compartments Framework

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