Sea Ice Microorganisms

Abstract

Different Types of Ice Primary Producers Within the Ice Nutrient Concentrations Bacteria in Sea Ice Adaption to the Environment Grazing on the Sea Ice Algal Biomass

Phytoplankton production from melting ponds on Arctic sea ice

“…Melt ponds after the summer sea ice melt onset have many impacts on the physical environment such as surface albedo [ Perovich et al , 2002] and heat transmission [ Inoue et al , 2008]. Although recently areal coverage of melt ponds in summer has been estimated to reach up to 80% of the Arctic sea ice [ Lüthje et al , 2006], melt pond habitats associated with sea ice have been little studied in the Arctic Ocean [ Bursa , 1963; Gradinger , 2002; Gradinger et al , 2005; Lee et al , 2011]. The biological impacts of melt ponds especially, have rarely been studied.…”

“…Generally, two types of melt ponds in a sea ice field can be visually distinguished by their color. Deep blue melt ponds with salinities of about 29.0 are connected to seawater either by holes in the ice floes or via channels to the leads, whereas light sky blue ponds are freshwater habitats with a salinity of about 0.1 [ Gradinger , 2002; Lee et al , 2011]. In addition, the compositions of the plankton community in the melt ponds are different depending on pond types [ Gradinger , 2002].…”

“…Deep blue melt ponds with salinities of about 29.0 are connected to seawater either by holes in the ice floes or via channels to the leads, whereas light sky blue ponds are freshwater habitats with a salinity of about 0.1 [ Gradinger , 2002; Lee et al , 2011]. In addition, the compositions of the plankton community in the melt ponds are different depending on pond types [ Gradinger , 2002]. As described by Gradinger [2002], substantial concentrations of bacteria, phototrophic, and heterotrophic protists including Chlamydomonas nivalis and flagellated algae can be found in both types of the ponds.…”

“…In addition, the compositions of the plankton community in the melt ponds are different depending on pond types [ Gradinger , 2002]. As described by Gradinger [2002], substantial concentrations of bacteria, phototrophic, and heterotrophic protists including Chlamydomonas nivalis and flagellated algae can be found in both types of the ponds. In salty ponds, higher concentrations of pennate diatoms such as Nitzschia frigida and Nitzschia grunowii occur compared to the freshwater ponds.…”

Production rate estimation of mycosporine‐like amino acids in two Arctic melt ponds by stable isotope probing with NAH13CO3

“…Two different types of MPs can be visually differentiated by their color in a sea ice field. MPs connected to seawater either via holes in ice floes or channels (open MP) are deep blue in color, showing salinities of ~29.0, while freshwater habitats (closed MP) exhibit a salinity of ~0.1 and are light sky blue in color (Gradinger , Lee et al. , ).…”