Phytoplankton production from melting ponds on Arctic sea ice

Lee, Sang H.; Stockwell, Dean A.; Joo, Hyoung-Min; Son, Young Baek; Kang, Chang‐Keun; Whitledge, Terry E.

doi:10.1029/2011jc007717

Cited by 46 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This was apparent when comparing depth-integrated primary production rates from the melt ponds (0.07 mmol C m −2 day −1 ) with those from the sea ice (0.64-1.98 mmol C m −2 day −1 ). Hence, our study confirms that melt pond productivity is low relative to that of sea ice (Mundy et al 2011;Lee et al 2012), except under conditions promoting excessive occurrence of algal biomass in the form of aggregates or mats (e.g. Lee et al 2011;Fernández-Méndez et al 2014).…”

Section: Melt Pond Versus Sea Ice Primary Productivitysupporting

confidence: 63%

Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds

et al. 2017

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addition compared with their respective controls, with the largest increase occurring in the enclosures. Separate additions of PO 4 3− and NO 3 − in the enclosures led to intermediate increases in productivity, suggesting co-limitation of nutrients. Bacterial production and the biovolume of ciliates, which were the dominant grazers, were positively correlated with primary production, showing a tight coupling between primary production and both microbial activity and ciliate grazing. To our knowledge, this study is the first to ascertain nutrient limitation in melt ponds. We also document that the addition of nutrients, although at relative high concentrations, can stimulate biological productivity at several trophic levels. Given the projected increase in first-year ice, increased melt pond coverage during the Arctic spring and potential additional nutrient supply from, e.g. terrestrial sources imply that biological activity of melt ponds may become increasingly important for the sympagic carbon cycling in the future Arctic.

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Section: Melt Pond Versus Sea Ice Primary Productivitysupporting

confidence: 63%

Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds

et al. 2017

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“…It has been argued that leads, cracks and polynyas within the sea ice area are hot spots for gas exchange between the air and surface water (Zemmelink et al, 2008;Else et al, 2013;Steiner et al, 2013). However, the formation of surface melt ponds (Semiletov et al, 2004) and carbon uptake by algae within them (Lee et al, 2012) can also contribute to CO 2 uptake. Even without considering meltwater, the presence of snow on sea ice also affects the CO 2 flux (Nomura et al, 2010a(Nomura et al, , 2013a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter-to-summer evolution of pCO2 in surface water and air–sea CO2 flux in the seasonal ice zone of the Southern Ocean

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) in surface water and vertical profiles of the carbonate system parameters were measured during austral summer in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (64-67 • S, 32-58 • E) in January 2006 to understand the CO 2 dynamics of seawater in the seasonal ice zone. Surface-water pCO 2 ranged from 275 to 400 µatm, and longitudinal variations reflected the dominant influence of water temperature and dilution by sea ice meltwater between 32 and 40 • E and biological productivity between 40 and 58 • E. Using carbonate system data from the temperature minimum layer (−1.9 • C < T < −1.5 • C, 34.2 < S < 34.5), we examined the winter-to-summer evolution of surface-water pCO 2 and the factors affecting it. Our results indicate that pCO 2 increased by as much as 32 µatm, resulting mainly from the increase in water temperature. At the same time as changes in sea ice concentration and surface-water pCO 2 , the air-sea CO 2 flux, which consists of the exchange of CO 2 between sea ice and atmosphere, changed from −1.1 to +0.9 mmol C m −2 day −1 between winter and summer. These results suggest that, for the atmosphere, the seasonal ice zone acts as a CO 2 sink in winter and a temporary CO 2 source in summer immediately after the retreat of sea ice. Subsequent biological productivity likely decreases surface-water pCO 2 and the air-sea CO 2 flux becomes negative, such that in summer the study area is again a CO 2 sink with respect to the atmosphere.

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“…Finally, sea ice has a profound effect on the biota as it controls light and the distribution of phototrophic organisms and also determines the timing of nutrient release to surface water when sea ice melts (e.g., Meir et al, 2011). Under perennial sea ice there is generally little primary production apart from under special conditions related to meltwater ponds on top of the ice (Lee et al, 2012). In contrast, very high biogenic productivity occurs along the seasonal sea ice margins, -under the sea ice (Arrigo et al, 2012) and in polynyas (e.g., Tremblay and Smith, 2007) (Fig.…”

Section: The Importance Of Sea Ice In the Earth's Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea ice in the paleoclimate system: the challenge of reconstructing sea ice from proxies – an introduction

Vernal

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Goosse

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tSea ice is an important component of the Earth system with complex dynamics imperfectly documented from direct observations, which are primarily limited to the last 40 years. Whereas large amplitude variations of sea ice have been recorded, especially in the Arctic, with a strikingly fast decrease in recent years partly attributed to the impact of anthropogenic climate changes, little is known about the natural variability of the sea ice cover at multi-decadal to multi-millennial time scales. Hence, there is a need to establish longer sea ice time series to document the full range of sea ice variations under natural forcings. To do this, several approaches based on biogenic or geochemical proxies have been developed from marine, ice core and coastal records. The status of the sea ice proxies has been discussed by the Sea Ice Proxy (SIP) working group endorsed by PAGES during a rst workshop held at GEOTOP in Montréal. The present volume contains a set of papers addressing various sea ice proxies and their application to large scale sea ice reconstruction. Here we summarize the contents of the volume, including a table of various proxies available in marine sediments and ice cores, with their possibilities and limitations.

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Phytoplankton production from melting ponds on Arctic sea ice

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds

Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds

Winter-to-summer evolution of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> in surface water and air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux in the seasonal ice zone of the Southern Ocean

Sea ice in the paleoclimate system: the challenge of reconstructing sea ice from proxies – an introduction

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Phytoplankton production from melting ponds on Arctic sea ice

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds

Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds

Winter-to-summer evolution of &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in surface water and air–sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux in the seasonal ice zone of the Southern Ocean

Sea ice in the paleoclimate system: the challenge of reconstructing sea ice from proxies – an introduction

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Winter-to-summer evolution of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> in surface water and air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux in the seasonal ice zone of the Southern Ocean