Scribing Method for Carbon Perovskite Solar Modules

Abstract

The fully printable carbon triple-mesoscopic perovskite solar cell (C-PSC) has already demonstrated good efficiency and long-term stability, opening the possibility of lab-to-fab transition. Modules based on C-PSC architecture have been reported and, at present, are achieved through the accurate registration of each of the patterned layers using screen-printing. Modules based on this approach were reported with geometric fill factor (g-FF) as high as 70%. Another approach to create the interconnects, the so-called scribing method, was reported to achieve more than 90% g-FF for architectures based on evaporated metal contacts, i.e., without a carbon counter electrode. Here, for the first time, we adopt the scribing method to selectively remove materials within a C-PSC. This approach allowed a deep and selective scribe to open an aperture from the transparent electrode through all the layers, including the blocking layer, enabling a direct contact between the electrodes in the interconnects. In this work, a systematic study of the interconnection area between cells is discussed, showing the key role of the FTO/carbon contact. Furthermore, a module on 10 × 10 cm2 substrate with the optimised design showing efficiency over 10% is also demonstrated.

Triple-Mesoscopic Carbon Perovskite Solar Cells: Materials, Processing and Applications

“…The method is quick and simple when making small single cells, but it is prone to human error and becomes time-consuming and complex at larger scale. Alternative methods suitable for larger devices and high throughput production have been explored, including inkjet printing [34,35], robotic dispensers and mesh (RbM) [31,32,36] and slot-die coating [33,37].…”

“…Modules, i.e., devices based on single cells linked by an interconnect, can be prepared via a pure registration approach [30,31] or scribing [32,33]. Crucial in large area devices, interconnects help overcome the issue of the resistance introduced by large substrates.…”

“…In the inset, a magnification of the interconnection area. (f) Perovskite infiltration.Reproduced from reference[32].…”

Low Temperature Processed Fully Printed Efficient Planar Structure Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

“…[ 13–15 ] Figure 1 a also compares the V OC and PCE versus FF of the state‐of‐the‐art carbon electrode perovskite solar modules (carbon‐PSMs). [ 16 ] It is obvious that all of the previous reports on carbon‐PSMs are based on mesoporous configurations which are limited to the V OC and FF. In addition, owing to the limited V OC [ 17 ] and the complexity to control perovskite crystallization in a mesoscopic scaffold, the champion efficiency of carbon‐PSMs has not exceeded 13% up to date.…”

Upscaling Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Optimization of Laser Scribing for Highly Efficient Mini-Modules

“…Using thermal evaporation for the perovskite layer, as well as for the ETLs and the top contact, they obtained an all-evaporated minimodule of 2.3 cm 2 area with a PCE of 12.4%. While mechanical scribing is also used in the industrial production of thin-film modules and it has been implemented in the fabrication of several perovskite modules [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 18 ], it has several disadvantages compared to laser ablation such as a large scribe width, chipping, and incompatibility with flexible substrates [ 19 , 20 ]. The evaluation of the P2 scribing process requires the understanding of the quality of the ablation: a qualitative evaluation can be achieved with a combination of optical microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (see Figure 2 and Figure 3 ) [ 18 ].…”