Upscaling Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Optimization of Laser Scribing for Highly Efficient Mini-Modules

Giacomo, Francesco Di; Castriotta, Luigi Angelo; Kosasih, Felix Utama; Girolamo, Diego Di; Ducati, Caterina; Carlo, Aldo Di

doi:10.3390/mi11121127

Cited by 51 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In order to fabricate PSMs, we adopted the P1–P2–P3 patterning procedure by means of a Nd:YVO4 ns laser ( λ = 355 nm). For the large modules, 15 series-connected cells, with cell width of 4.5 and 67.5 mm whereas for the mini-modules 5 series-connected cells, with cell width of 5 mm and 40 mm length with 10 cm 2 active area were optimized following a systematic procedure and design reported in our previous 49 . A raster scanning laser (Nd:YVO 4 pulsed at 80 kHz average output power P = 10 W) was applied to etch the FTO/glass substrates (Pilkington, 15 Ω cm −1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics

et al. 2022

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Cost management and toxic waste generation are two key issues that must be addressed before the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices. We report a groundbreaking strategy for eco-friendly and cost-effective fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. This strategy involves the usage of a high volatility co-solvent, which dilutes perovskite precursors to a lower concentration (<0.5 M) while retaining similar film quality and device performance as a high concentration (>1.4 M) solution. More than 70% of toxic waste and material cost can be reduced. Mechanistic insights reveal ultra-rapid evaporation of the co-solvent together with beneficial alteration of the precursor colloidal chemistry upon dilution with co-solvent, which in-situ studies and theoretical simulations confirm. The co-solvent tuned precursor colloidal properties also contribute to the enhancement of the stability of precursor solution, which extends its processing window thus minimizing the waste. This strategy is universally successful across different perovskite compositions, and scales from small devices to large-scale modules using industrial spin-coating, potentially easing the lab-to-fab translation of perovskite technologies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, the poor PEC performance of the largescale Cu2O photocathode is likely due to the ohmic loss by the prolonged charge transport in the large area substrate [14][15][16][17]. Metal grid lines were introduced to overcome this problem in the large-scale Cu2O photocathode because they are a mature strategy for improving the charge transport in the large-scale dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells [26][27][28][29]. Table 1 shows the reported conductivity of metals, which were considered as metal grid lines [30,31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Demonstration of Large Scale Cu2O Photocathodes with Metal Grid Structure for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Son

2021

Energies

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Upscaling of photoelectrode for a practical photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting system is still challenging because the PEC performance of large-scale photoelectrode is significantly low, compared to the lab scale photoelectrode. In an effort to overcome this challenge, sputtered gold (Au) and copper (Cu) grid lines were introduced to improve the PEC performance of large-scale cuprous oxide (Cu2O) photocathode in this work. It was demonstrated that Cu grid lines are more effective than Au grid lines to improve the PEC performance of large-scale Cu2O photocathode because its intrinsic conductivity and quality of grid lines are better than ones containing Au grid lines. As a result, the PEC performance of a 25-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was almost double than one without grid lines, resulting in an improved charge transport in the large area substrate by Cu grid lines. Finally, a 50-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was tested in an outdoor condition under natural sun. This is the first outdoor PEC demonstration of large-scale Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines, which gives insight into the development of efficient upscaled PEC photoelectrode.

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“…As efficiency and GFF are basic components during commercialization of any PV technology. [ 57 , 58 ] Thus GFF can be further enhanced by coating whole substrate uniformly with a material layer and then usage of laser technique to separate those regions. Along with this monolithic fabrication of solar cells is assumed, which leads to faster module processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costing Analysis of Scalable Carbon‐Based Perovskite Modules Using Bottom Up Technique

Kajal

Verma

Vadaga³

et al. 2021

Global Challenges

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202100070people's livelihoods. According to IRENA's annual energy-related CO 2 emission calculation for 2019, the earth's CO 2 emissions will be 33 Gt by 2050. Three potential solutions include electrification of transportation, massive amounts of renewable energy installations, and increased energy efficiency. As a result, CO 2 emissions can be reduced by 70%, resulting in 9.8 Gt in 2050. [1] Among these, increased renewable energy production is thought to play a significant role in CO 2 reduction. Taking this into consideration, all countries began investing in the production and installation of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower, among others. [2] Among the various renewable energy sources, solar is seen as the most promising and widely available. As a result, significant research is being conducted to improve the performance of solar PV. Silicon (Si) photovoltaics (PV) is the dominant solar PV technology, with a good power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. [3] However, the production of Si PV manufacturing is a time-consuming process and with a production of 40 g CO 2 eq kWh −1 . [4,5] Given that this research is aimed at identifying alternative PV materials with lower material utilization, lower cost, and ease of processing. Perovskite PV has achieved a remarkable PCE of 25.6% in a few years of research with easy processability and negligible CO 2 emissions. [6] As a result, it is assumed to be a Si PV technology alternative. Several solar cell manufacturing companies, including Oxford PV, [7] Solliance, [8] wonder solar, [9] Solaronix, [10] Saule technologies, [11] have emerged in recent years, indicating that perovskite PV is a promising future PV technology.Considering the need to transition to renewable technology and contribute to the global CO 2 emission reduction target, the Indian government also announced 100 and 300 Giga Watt (GW) solar photovoltaic (PV) installation targets for 2022 and 2030, respectively. [12,13] India currently has approximately 35 GW of installed PV capacity, the vast majority of which is based on crystalline-silicon (c-Si) technology. [14] India's solar photovoltaics production capacity is 3.2 GW cell manufacturing and 8.4 GW module manufacturing. [15] Polysilicon, ingot, and wafer are upstream supply chain components that are not manufactured in India at a large scale. India imports a massive portion of wafers, cells, and modules consumed in India. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused supply chain disruptions in recent years, resulting in a significant drop in Indian solar PV In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 25.5%, indicating that they are a promising alternative to dominant Si photovoltaic (PV) technology. This technology is expected to solve the world's energy demand with minimal investment and very low CO 2 emissions. The market has shown a lot of interest in PSCs technology. A technoeconomic analysis is a useful tool for tracking manufacturing costs and forecast...

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Upscaling Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Optimization of Laser Scribing for Highly Efficient Mini-Modules

Cited by 51 publications

References 32 publications

A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics

A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics

Design and Demonstration of Large Scale Cu2O Photocathodes with Metal Grid Structure for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Costing Analysis of Scalable Carbon‐Based Perovskite Modules Using Bottom Up Technique

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