Screening wild
 Vigna
 species and cowpea (
 Vigna unguiculata
 ) landraces for sources of resistance to
 Striga gesnerioides
 .

Oyatomi, Olaniyi; Fatokun, Christian; Boukar, Ousmane; Abberton, Michael T.; Ilori, Christopher Olumuyiwa

doi:10.1079/9781780646138.0027

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Some of the unique traits of the wild accessions, such as their leaf, stem, and petiole pubescence, which are not found in the checks, might have existed in those checks but disappeared with time during the domestication process. They could have a potential use, if they are domesticated, since they are thought to be responsible for some beneficial traits, such as the resistance to diseases and pests [15,16]. Therefore, it might be time to start examining some of the traits from the wild species that have disappeared in order to domesticate new species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on thirty (30) characteristics (both qualitative and quantitative) were recorded using both IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resource Institute) and NBPGR (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources) descriptors [12]. Fifteen (15) qualitative and fifteen (15) quantitative characters were recorded. The descriptors used for the characterization of the wild Vigna in this study are found in Table 1 below.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agro-Morphological Exploration of Some Unexplored Wild Vigna Legumes for Domestication

et al. 2020

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The domestication of novel or hitherto wild food crops is quickly becoming one of the most popular approaches in tackling the challenges associated with sustainable food crop production, especially in this era, where producing more food with fewer resources is the need of the hour. The crop breeding community is not yet completely unanimous regarding the importance of crop neo-domestication. However, exploring the unexplored, refining unrefined traits, cultivating the uncultivated, and popularizing the unpopular remain the most adequate steps proposed by most researchers to achieve the domestication of the undomesticated for food and nutrition security. Therefore, in the same line of thought, this paper explores the agro-morphological characteristics of some wild Vigna legumes from an inquisitive perspective to contribute to their domestication. One hundred and sixty accessions of wild Vigna legumes, obtained from gene banks, were planted, following the augmented block design layout of two agro-ecological zones of Tanzania, during the 2018 and 2019 main cropping seasons for agro-morphological investigations. The generalized linear model procedure (GLM PROC), two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA), agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the accession, block and block vs. accession effects, as well as the accession × site and accession × season interaction grouping variations among accessions. The results showed that the wild species (Vigna racemosa; Vigna ambacensis; Vigna reticulata; and Vigna vexillata) present a considerable variety of qualitative traits that singularly exist in the three studied checks (cowpea, rice bean, and a landrace of Vigna vexillata). Of the 15 examined quantitative traits, only the days to flowering, pods per plant, hundred seed weight and yield were affected by the growing environment (accession × site effect), while only the number of flowers per raceme and the pods per plant were affected by the cropping season (accession × season effect). All the quantitative traits showed significant differences among accessions for each site and each season. The same result was observed among the checks, except for the seed size trait. The study finally revealed three groups, in a cluster analysis and 59.61% of the best variations among the traits and accessions in PCA. Indications as to the candidate accessions favorable for domestication were also revealed. Such key preliminary information could be of the utmost importance for the domestication, breeding, and improvement of these species, since it also determines their future existence—that is, so long as biodiversity conservation continues to be a challenging concern for humanity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Morphological Exploration of Some Unexplored Wild Vigna Legumes for Domestication

et al. 2020

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“…Some wild cowpea relatives were evaluated for their reactions to the parasite in highly Striga infested fields at Minjibir near Kano in northern Nigeria located in the Sudan savannah agroecology and some of them showed high levels of resistance. Among the wild cowpea relatives that showed immunity to Striga are TVNu-1070, TVNu-1083, TVNu-585, TVNu-1535, TVNu-1537, TVNu-1647, and TVNu-491 belonging to the following Vigna species: ambacensis , parkeri , oblongifolia , and reticulata ( Oyatomi et al, 2016 ). Only one Striga resistant accession, TVNu-1589, among the tested wild relatives belong to section Catiang .…”

Section: Useful Traits Present In Some Wild Cowpea Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introgression Breeding in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

et al. 2020

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The narrow base of genetic diversity characteristic of cowpea can be attributed to it being self-pollinating, evolving from narrow wild germplasm and exhibiting very limited gene flow between wild and cultivated types. Backcrossing to introduce simply inherited desirable traits and utilization of improved breeding lines and varieties as parents in crossing programs further narrowed the genetic base of cowpea varieties. In most cowpea breeding programs, genes for resistance and market traits were pyramided into lines characterized by high levels of acceptance to farmers and consumers. Besides predisposing widely distributed improved varieties to genetic vulnerability, a narrow base of genetic variation may be contributing to the plateauing in cowpea grain yield, which compromises genetic gains. Cross compatible wild relatives have not been used in variety development because breeders shy away from them due to their tiny seed size, unattractive seed coat color and texture, pod shattering, and susceptibility to viruses. A number of wild cowpea relatives, both within and outside section Catiang of Vigna species, have been evaluated for their reaction to cowpea insect pests and diseases. Vigna vexillata lines were resistant to the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata), the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus), and Striga gesnerioides but are cross incompatible with cultivated cowpea. Some lines among the cross compatible wild relative V. unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana were found to be resistant to aphid in the seedling stage, while others showed good levels of drought and heat tolerance. Molecular markers are being generated to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) with effects on some desirable attributes in cowpea. Modern breeding tools, including transgenics, can be applied for the improvement of cowpea, bypassing the natural barriers of traditional breeding. Transgenic cowpea with Bt gene cry1Ab showing resistance to M. vitrata has been released in Nigeria. Genome editing, a powerful emerging tool, can also be used for developing improved cowpea varieties with durable resistance to pests and diseases.

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“…Interestingly, despite the considerable morphological diversity, limited genetic diversity occurs among cultivated cowpea varieties owing to a single domestication event that has given rise to all other cultivated varieties [ 85 ]. However, publications also show that there are some genetic differences depending on the region of cultivation, and these can be used in traditional breeding to improve cowpea varieties [ 2 , 87 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 ]. It is known that there are barriers to hybridization, or recombination between members of the different cultivar groups, or with wild cowpea (var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficiencies in the Risk Assessment of Genetically Engineered Bt Cowpea Approved for Cultivation in Nigeria: A Critical Review

Then¹,

Miyazaki²,

Bauer-Panskus³

2022

Plants

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We analyze the application filed for the marketing and cultivation of genetically engineered Bt cowpea (event AAT 709A) approved in Nigeria in 2019. Cowpea (Vigna ungiguiculata) is extensively grown throughout sub-Saharan Africa and consumed by around two hundred million people. The transgenic plants produce an insecticidal, recombinant Bt toxin meant to protect the plants against the larvae of Maruca vitrata, which feed on the plants and are also known as pod borer. Our analysis of the application reveals issues of concern regarding the safety of the Bt toxins produced in the plants. These concerns include stability of gene expression, impact on soil organisms, effects on non-target species and food safety. In addition, we show deficiencies in the risk assessment of potential gene flow and uncontrolled spread of the transgenes and cultivated varieties as well as the maintenance of seed collections. As far as information is publicly available, we analyze the application by referring to established standards of GMO risk assessment. We take the provisions of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) into account, of which both Nigeria and the EU are parties. We also refer to the EU standards for GMO risk assessment, which are complementary to the provisions of the CPB.

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Screening wild Vigna species and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) landraces for sources of resistance to Striga gesnerioides .

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Agro-Morphological Exploration of Some Unexplored Wild Vigna Legumes for Domestication

Agro-Morphological Exploration of Some Unexplored Wild Vigna Legumes for Domestication

Introgression Breeding in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

Deficiencies in the Risk Assessment of Genetically Engineered Bt Cowpea Approved for Cultivation in Nigeria: A Critical Review

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