Screening Procedures for Organophosphorus, Organochlorine and Carbamate Pesticide Residues on Tobacco

Abstract

The attempt to replace long-lasting chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides with less-persistent chemicals has led. to increased use of phosphorus containing and carbamate pesticides. Although numerous analytical procedures are available for determining residues of a particular organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide on food products, there are only a few methods for tobacco. There is a great need for a rapid, accurate, and sensitive procedure capable of determining any of a large number of such pesticide residues. The Mills-Onley-Gaither (1) screening procedure for organochlorine pesticide residues has previously been adapted as a screening procedure for organothiophosphate pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables (2-5). Methods for carbamates are published (6, 7, 8, 9), two of them for tobacco. This paper describes the preliminary de.velopment of a general method for the organochlorine pesticides, water-insoluble and water-soluble organophosphorus pesticides, and metabolites derived from the latter.

The Detection of Nitro Pesticides in Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Using Electron Monochromator-Mass Spectrometry

“…Methods for analyzing pesticide residues on tobacco have been available for a number of years. , More recently, the emphasis has been toward developing techniques for residue analysis in order to comply with pesticide regulations for other world markets . However, all of these methods were designed only to measure the amount of pesticide present in the final tobacco product itself and completely ignored the possibility that these compounds could survive the smoking process.…”

Metabolism of Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, and Endosulfan sulfate in tobacco leaf

“…Extraction and Cleanup of the Residues. The extraction and cleanup procedures adopted for the analysis of the residues were based on the methods developed by Domanski and Sheets (1973) and Nesemann and Seehofer (1970). A 25-g sample of the frozen tobacco pulp was steeped in 350 ml of 35% aqueous acetonitrile for 10 min and then the mixture was blended in a blender with 5 g of Hy-Flo Super Gel for 3 min and filtered.…”

Further Investigations into the Metabolism of Endosulfan l, Endosulfan ll and Endosulfan Sulfate in Tobacco Leaf

“…On July 10, 1973 the plants were separately treated with 0.75 lb./acre and 1.50 lbs./acre of endosulfan I, endo~ sulfan 11 and endosulfan sulfate. For studies on the metabolism of endosulfan I and 11 and endosulfan sulfate in green leaf, tobacco leaves from the middle of the plants were harvested on August -4, 13 and 23, 1973 (5, 14 and 24 days after the pesticide treatments), and endosulfan• and its metabolites were estimated according to the methods developed by Domanski and Sheets (4) and NesemAnn and Seehofer (8). A detailed description of these operations is given in our previous publication (2).…”