Screening of Wild &lt;i&gt;Lycopersicon&lt;/i&gt; Species for Resistance to Japanese Isolate of Tomato Powdery Mildew &lt;i&gt;Oidium neolycopersici&lt;/i&gt;

Matsuda, Yoshinori; Mori, Yoshio; Sakano, Yohei; Nishida, Masayoshi; Tarumoto, Koji; Nonomura, Teruo; Nishimura, Hiroaki; Kusakari, Shin-ichi; Toyoda, Hideyoshi

doi:10.1270/jsbbs.55.355

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Among the most important sources of resistance in the former genus Lycopersicon (now Solanum) are some genotypes of S. habrochaites (L. hirsutum), S. parviflorum (L. parviflorum), S. peruvianum (L. peruvianum) and S. pennellii (L. pennellii) (Lindhout et al 1994a;Ignatova et al 1997;Milotay and Dormanns-Simon 1997;Ciccarese et al 1998;Mieslerová et al 2000;Matsuda et al 2005). In contrast within the species S. lycopersicon (L. esculentum) and S. pimpinellifolium (L. pimpinellifolium), which are the closest relatives of cultivated tomatoes, there were found only a few resistant genotypes Kumar et al 1995;Ciccarese et al 1998;Mieslerová et al 2000) and most of the closest relatives are highly susceptible to infection of powdery mildew.…”

Section: Host Range Of O Neolycopersicimentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

et al. 2013

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Tomato powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici) is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated tomatoes worldwide. Although the first epidemics were recorded more than 25 years ago many aspects of this host-pathogen interaction are still not well understood. Detailed morphological and molecular studies of the anamorphs confirmed that O. neolycopersici is phylogeneticaly close to Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi. Host range is rather broad, apart from Solanaceae hosts were found in the families Apocynaceae, Campanulaceae, Crassulaceae, Cistaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Papaveraceae, Pedialiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Valerianaceae a Violaceae. Non-host resistance within these families is not based on inhibition of formation of primary haustorium, however, on post-haustorial hypersensitive reponse and another type of non-hypersensitive resistance. Screening of wild Solanum species (previous Lycopersicon spp.) germplasm revealed valuable sources of resistance (S. habrochaites, S. pennellii, S. cheesmaniae, S. chilense, S. peruvianum). The main resistance mechanism was found to be a hypersensitive response (HR), in some cases followed by limited development of the pathogen. However, there is a broad variation in resistance response on the histological and cytological level. Interaction between many wild Solanum spp. and O. neolycopersici is race-specific, at least three races were differentiated. In some interspecific crosses (S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites) adult plant resistance was observed. Biochemical studies focusing on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidase activity during infection of O. neolycopersici showed that production of ROS and activity of corresponding enzymes is related to activation of defence responses in genotypes of wild Solanum sect. Lycopersicon. The significance of nitric oxide (NO) in O. neolycopersici pathogenesis was supported by experiments with NO donors and scavengers. In moderately resistant genotype S. chmielewskii, treatment by heat stress caused slight deceleration of pathogen development, increased production of jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and increased peroxidase activity in infected plants. The different degree of tomato resistance/ susceptibility did not markedly change the rate and extent of photosynthetic response to O. neolycopersici; only minimal impairment of photosynthesis was found in both susceptible and moderately resistant genotypes during the Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK first 9 days after inoculation. The accumulated evidence confirm a crucial role of localised increased production of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in response to pathogen penetration into plant tissue and its involvement in the plant resistance responses including the initiation and progression of plant cell death in host wild Solanum species. Crucial points of further research are discussed.

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Section: Host Range Of O Neolycopersicimentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

et al. 2013

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“…Características do desenvolvimento dos conídios de O. neolycopersici em discos foliares de genótipos de tomateiro avaliados às 19 horas após inoculação (hpi): comprimento do tubo germinativo primário (tg 1º), formação de hifa secundária (h 2ª), comprimento do tubo germinativo primário mais hifa secundária (tg 1º+ h 2ª), formação de apressório e haustório Médias na coluna seguidas de mesma letra não diferem entre si pelo teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. (14) verificaram que em acessos de L. hirsutum completamente resistentes ao oídio não se formaram haustórios funcionais e sugeriram que isto ocorreu devido à reação de hipersensibilidade ocorrida nas células epidérmicas invadidas pelo patógeno o que resultou em falha no estabelecimento da infecção a partir do conídio. Nas plantas de tomateiro suscetíveis, os conídios germinados e que formaram apressório penetraram as células com sucesso, formaram haustórios sem resposta de hipersensibilidade na célula atacada e originaram hifas secundárias para expandir suas colônias.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A obtenção de fontes de resistência entre os cultivares de tomateiro não tem levado a muito sucesso, o que gera a necessidade da procura entre espécies de Lycopersicon selvagens. "Screening" intensivo tem identificado (3,4,5,12,13,14,16).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Desenvolvimento de Oidium neolycopersici em genótipos do gênero Lycopersicon

et al. 2010

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Tomato powdery mildew, caused by Oidium neolycopersici, is a common disease of tomato, especially in greenhouse conditions. To investigate the nature of powdery mildew resistance, we studied the hi stopatho logy of the infect ion pro cess in six dif fer ent tomato ge not ypes : CNPH 41 6, CNPH 42 3, CNP H 12 87 ( Ly co pe rs icon hirsutum), CNPH 0081 (L. esculentum var. cerasiforme), cv. Santa Cruz Kada e cv. Santa Clara (L. esculentum). Leaf discs of the 3 rd , 4 th e 5 th leaves from plants with 5-7 true leaves were placed on water agar in Petri dishes, inoculated using fresh sporulating mycelium of tomato powde ry m il de w and incubate d at 1 9-22 º C, 40 00 l x and 12 h pho toper iod. After clear ing with bo iling ethanol, the di scs were Balbi-Peña M.I.; Schwan-Estrada, K.R.F.; Stangarlin, J.R.; Tolentino Júnior, J.B. Development of Oidium neolycopersici on Lycopersicon genotypes. Summ a Phytopathologica, v.36, n.1, p.35-39, 2010.Keywords: tomato powdery mildew, tomato, resistance, appresorium formation, haustorium formation, histopathology. microscopically examined at 19 h, 8 and 9 days post inoculation to evaluate germ tube development, sporulation and disease severity. Conidial germination on foliar tissue was similar in all genotypes. Secondary hypha, appresoria and haustoria per germinated conidia were lowest in CNPH 1287 and 423 , whic h also exhibited t he lowest sporulation and disease severity. L. esculentum and L.esculentum var. cerasiforme genotypes showed the highest mildew susceptibility and CNPH 416 showed intermediate susceptibility. Powdery mildew resistance of CNPH 1287 and CNPH 423 was already evident at 19 hours after inoculation based upon the lower percentage of secondary hypha, appresoria and haustoria observed than in the susceptible ones. PalavrasOídio do tomateiro, causado por Oidium neolycopersici L. Kiss tem causado problemas sérios na cultura nos últimos anos, principalmente sob condições de cultivo protegido (2, 6, 9,11,16). O patógeno afeta a superfície adaxial das folhas, pecíolos, caule e cálices, com presença de micélio e estruturas de frutificação assexuada do fungo conferindo o característico aspecto pulvurulento de cor branca a cinza. Em estágios mais avançados, os tecidos subadjacentes apresentam clorose e, finalmente, necrose. As infecções severas conduzem às plantas a senescência prematura, desfolha e redução do número e tamanho de frutos (11,16,20).O uso de cultivares resistentes constitui a alternativa mais eficiente e segura para o controle da doença, pois reduz os custos de produção e evita danos à saúde humana e ao ambiente. A obtenção de fontes de resistência entre os cultivares de tomateiro não tem levado a muito sucesso, o que gera a necessidade da procura entre espécies de Lycopersicon selvagens. "Screening" intensivo tem identificado

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“…One-month-old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, 'Micro-Tom') seedlings were transferred to hydroponic troughs in both sections to examine the occurrence of powdery-mildew colonies on leaves. The 'Micro-Tom' variety was selected for this study because it is highly susceptible to tomato powdery mildew (Matsuda et al, 2005). The plants were hydroponically cultured according to previously described methods (Nonomura et al, 2001).…”

Section: Protection Of Greenhouse Tomatoes From Powdery Mildew Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Application of an Electric Field Screen to an Exclusion of Flying Insect Pests and Airborne Fungal Conidia from Greenhouses with a Good Air Penetration

Kakutani¹,

Matsuda²,

Nonomura³

et al. 2012

JAS

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In an attempt to control pathogens and insect pests affecting greenhouse tomatoes, we evaluated an electric field screen to create an airy greenhouse condition that successfully excluded insect vectors (whiteflies, green peach aphids, western flower thrips and shore flies) of pathogens and airborne conidia of tomato powdery mildew. The screen consisted of three parts: 1) insulated conductor wires (ICWs) arrayed in parallel at 5-mm intervals, 2) two stainless-steel nets that were grounded and placed on both sides of the ICWs, and 3) a direct current (DC) voltage generator to negatively charge the ICWs. An electric field formed between the negative surface charge of the ICWs and the positive charge on the ICW-side surface of the grounded net. The ICWs captured insects and airborne conidia that entered the field. Insects that contacted the outer surface of the screen net avoided the electric field and flew away from the screen. During continuous 3-month greenhouse operation, the screen was durable and functional in exerting stable pest exclusion and good air penetration for ventilation under changing greenhouse climate conditions. In three experiments examining the occurrence of powdery mildew in www.ccsenet.org/jas Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 4, No. 5; 2012 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916 52 hydroponically cultured tomato plants on either side of a greenhouse partition, the screen-guarded plants remained germ free throughout the culture period (1 month), whereas powdery mildew was present on the leaves of almost all unguarded tomato plants. Thus, our electric field screen provided an airy condition for tomatoes in an open-window greenhouse that successfully excluded airborne pathogens and flying insect pests.

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Screening of Wild <i>Lycopersicon</i> Species for Resistance to Japanese Isolate of Tomato Powdery Mildew <i>Oidium neolycopersici</i>

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

Desenvolvimento de Oidium neolycopersici em genótipos do gênero Lycopersicon

Practical Application of an Electric Field Screen to an Exclusion of Flying Insect Pests and Airborne Fungal Conidia from Greenhouses with a Good Air Penetration

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