Screening of the factors for novel pour point depressant copolymer synthesis to improve the copolymer yield

Elarbe, Basem; Ridzuan, Norida; Yusoh, Kamal; Elganidi, Ibrahim; Abdullah, Norhayati

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/702/1/012028

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…6, it is evident that the synthesised terpolymer's yield continuously increased with reaction temperature that increases from 51% at 60 °C until it attains 85.94% at 100 °C Fig. 4 1 HNMR spectra of poly(BA-co-SMA-co-MA) as per a similar trend reported in prior studies by (Elarbe et al 2019). As the polymerisation temperature rises, the yield improvement can be attributed to a greater reaction rate among the BPO and monomers.…”

Section: Influence Of Reaction Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 75%

Synthesis, characterisation and pre-evaluation of a novel terpolymer as pour point depressants to improve the Malaysian crude oil flowability

Elganidi

Elarbe

Ridzuan

et al. 2022

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Wax deposition is considered one of the most serious operational issues in the crude oil pipelines. This issue occurs when the crude oil temperature decreases below the temperature of wax appearance and paraffin wax starts to precipitate on the pipelines’ inner walls. As a result, the crude oil flow is impeded because of the precipitated wax. The use of polymeric pour point depressants has obtained significant interest among researchers as an approach of wax control for enhancing the flowability of the waxy crude oil. PPD of poly(behenyl acrylate -co-stearyl methacrylate-co- maleic anhydride) (BA-co-SMA-co-MA) was facilely synthesised by the use of free radical polymerisation. The variation of the PPD structure was studied by choosing several essential parameters like monomers ratio, reaction time, initiator concentration, and reaction temperature. Furthermore, viscosity measurement, pour point, and cold finger apparatus have been employed to evaluate the efficiency of the synthesised Polymer. The chemical structure of poly(BA-co-SMA-co-MA) has been identified through the use of Fourier transform infrared as well as nuclear magnetic resonance. The experimental findings demonstrated that the ideal conditions for obtaining the highest yield were 1.5% initiator concentration, reaction time and temperature of 8 h and 100 °C, respectively, and monomer ratio of 1:1:1 (BA:SMA:MA). Under these ideal conditions, the prepared terpolymer reduced the crude oil viscosity at 30 °C and 1500 ppm from 7.2 to 3.2 mPa.s. The cold finger experiment demonstrated that after poly(BA-co-SMA-co-MA) was used as a wax inhibitor, the maximum efficiency of paraffin inhibition of 45.6% was achieved at 200 rpm and 5 °C. Besides, the best performance in depressing the pour point by ΔPP 14 ℃ observed at the concentration of 1500 ppm, which can change the growth characteristics of wax crystals and delay the aggregation of asphaltene and resin, thus effectively improving the flowability of crude oil.

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Section: Influence Of Reaction Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 75%

Synthesis, characterisation and pre-evaluation of a novel terpolymer as pour point depressants to improve the Malaysian crude oil flowability

Elganidi

Elarbe

Ridzuan

et al. 2022

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…OFAT experiments were conducted in our previous study (Elarbe et al, 2019). The best condition of the most efficient variables of SABA PPD was obtained using mass ration of (1:1) wt % between two polymers, 7 h of reaction time, 90 o C of reaction temperature and 1 wt % of the concentration of initiator, according to the highest amount of the yield at different conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous study, we recognized the four parameters effecting the yield in the free radical polymerization of SABA copolymer using the OFAT method (temperature, time, concentration of initiator, and mass ratio of monomer concentration). Nevertheless, this method cannot test the interactions of the parameters considered (Elarbe et al, 2019). In the present work, we optimize the effect of each parameter on the yield in the solution polymerization of SABA copolymer.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and modeling of reactive conditions for free radical solution polymerization of SA-co-BA copolymer based on the yield using response surface methodology

Elarbe¹,

Elganidi²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2021

Mal. J. Fund. Appl. Sci.

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In the recent years, response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the most common optimization methods employed in the chemical process. The satisfactory model for predicting the maximum yield in solution polymerization has been a challenge due to various conditions during the synthesis process. In this study, interactive impacts of three parameters which are reaction time, concentration of initiator, and reaction temperature on the yield in free radical polymerization of SABA copolymer using toluene as solvent was investigated using experimental design central composite design (CCD) model under response surface methodology (RSM). The result showed the optimization conditions were reaction time of 7 h, initiator concentration of 1 wt %, and reaction temperature of 90 oC with the corresponding yield of 97.31%. The analysis of the regression model (ANOVA) detected an R2 value of 0.9844, that the model is able to clarify 98.44% of the data variation, and just 1.23% of the whole differences is not clarified by the model. Three experimental validation runs were carried out using the optimal replicate conditions and the highest average yield value obtained is 97.15%. There is an error of about 0.97% as compared to the expected value.Therefore, the results indicate that this model is reliable and is able to predict the yield response accurately. it established that the regression model is extremely significant, indicating a strong agreement between the expected and the experimental values of SABA yield.

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“…In this research, (Stearyl acrylate-co-behenyl acrylate) copolymer (SABA) has been synthesized by and Elarbe et al (2019). The nanoparticle used was silica dioxide particles (SiO 2 ) (purity 99%) obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of full factorial design to screen the factors influencing the wax deposition of Malaysian crude oil

Elarbe

Elganidi

Ridzuan

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Wax deposition in production pipelines and transportation tubing from offshore to onshore is critical in the petroleum industry due to low-temperature conditions. The most significant popular approach to solve this issue is by inserting a wax inhibitor into the channel. This research aims to reduce the amount of wax formation of Malaysian crude oil by estimating the effective parameters using Design-Expert by full factorial design (FFD) method. Five parameters have been investigated, which are rotation speed (A), cold finger temperature (B), duration of experimental (C), the concentration of poly (stearyl acrylate-co-behenyl acrylate) (SABA) (D), and concentration of nano-silica SiO2 (E). The optimum conditions for reducing the amount of wax deposit have been identified using FFD at 300 rpm, 10 ℃, 1 h, 1200 ppm and 400 ppm, respectively. The amount of wax deposit estimated is 0.12 g. The regression model’s variance results revealed that the R2 value of 0.9876, showing 98.76% of the data variation, can be described by the model. The lack of fit is not important in comparison to the pure error, which is good. The lack of fit F value of 12.85 means that there is only a 7.41% probability that this huge can occur because of noise. The influence of cold finger temperature was reported as the main contributing factor in the formation of wax deposits compared to other factors. In addition, the interaction between factor B and factor C revealed the highest interaction effect on the wax deposition. In conclusion, the best interaction variables for wax inhibition can be determined using FFD. It is a valued tool to measure and detect the unique relations of two or more variables. As a result, the findings of this study can be used to develop a reliable model for predicting optimum conditions for reducing wax deposits and the associated costs and processing time.

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Screening of the factors for novel pour point depressant copolymer synthesis to improve the copolymer yield

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Synthesis, characterisation and pre-evaluation of a novel terpolymer as pour point depressants to improve the Malaysian crude oil flowability

Synthesis, characterisation and pre-evaluation of a novel terpolymer as pour point depressants to improve the Malaysian crude oil flowability

Optimization and modeling of reactive conditions for free radical solution polymerization of SA-co-BA copolymer based on the yield using response surface methodology

Application of full factorial design to screen the factors influencing the wax deposition of Malaysian crude oil

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