Screening of radical-scavenging natural neuroprotective antioxidants fromSwertia chirayita

Abstract

To detect and identify natural antioxidants in Swertia chirayita with protective effect against cerebral infarction, a screening method, using column chromatography and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat, was developed. Seventeen compounds were purposefully separated and identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Spectrum, and Mass Spectrometry. The purified compounds were further screened by radical scavenging activity and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Two compounds showed apparent radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective activity. The two compounds were identified as 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyxanthone and 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy xanthone, and were preliminarily considered as primary natural neuroprotective antioxidants in Swertia chirayita. These two compounds (20 mg kg-1) markedly decreased infarct size to below 5%, and also caused a significant improvement of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (92.90 ± 11.19 U ml-1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (122.58 ± 12.31 μmol mg-1) and a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (3.98 ± 2.00 nmol ml-1) in serum. The two compounds showed strong capability for protective effects against cerebral damages induced by ischemia-reperfusion, and the protective effect may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The use of the screening method based on tracing separation and ischemia reperfusion would provide a new way for detection of radical-scavenging and natural neuroprotective compounds from Swertia chirayita or complex matrices.

Contribution of reactive oxygen species to the anticancer activity of aminoalkanol derivatives of xanthone

“…An increase in ROS levels is a signal to enhance the expression of antioxidant enzymes; however, high levels of ROS lead to the depletion of active enzyme pools, and thus, decreased activity may be observed, although their expression is enhanced. Similar observations have been published in other studies analyzing MAG [ 36 , 37 ] or natural xanthones from Swertia chirayita [ 38 ]. Other xanthones lack suitable data.…”

Radical scavenging, prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory, and antimicrobial potential of a cultured Himalayan lichenCetrelia olivetorum

“…This oxidative stress to biomolecules significantly increases neuronal apoptosis and leads to various pathological changes during aging (Uttara et al, 2009). Antioxidants are known to suppress the deleterious effects of free radicals by neutralizing them and are believed to hold a promising neuroprotective role by combating oxidative stress (Shi et al, 2013;Zbarsky et al, 2005;Zhao & Zhao, 2013).…”

Swertia L.: A comprehensive review of its genetic relationship, chemical compositions, pharmacological effects, toxicities, and applications

“…The xanthones extract (9 mg/kg, ig) isolated from S. punicea exhibit a prominent neuroprotective behavior by inhibiting the stimulation of and increasing the levels of dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐treated mice (Gao et al, 2020). Shi et al suggested that the chemical compounds isolated from S. chirayita including 1‐hydroxy‐2,3,4,6‐tetramethoxyxanthone (20 mg/kg) and 1,5,8‐trihydroxy‐3‐methoxyxanthone (10 mg/kg) could reduce the area of cerebral infarction in rats (Shi et al, 2013). Moreover, 4,6,8‐trihydroxy‐1,2,3,5‐tetramethoxyxanthone, another component of S. mussotii , could significantly (P < 0.05) block the activation of C6 cells (Xiong et al, 2020).…”

“…. The xanthones extract (9 mg/kg, ig) isolated from S. punicea exhibit a prominent neuroprotective behavior by inhibiting the stimulation of and increasing the levels of dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid in 1-methyl-4tetramethoxyxanthone (20 mg/kg) and 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (10 mg/kg) could reduce the area of cerebral infarction in rats(Shi et al, 2013). Moreover, 4,6,8-trihydroxy-1,2,3,5-tetramethoxyxanthone, another component of S. mussotii, could significantly (P < 0.05) block the activation of C6 cells(Xiong et al, 2020).Wang et al demonstrated that swertiamarin (10, 25, and 50 μg/mL) was able to inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines et al) in a dependent manner LPS-pretreated BV-2 cells, which lays the theoretical basis for the clinical use of swertiamarin as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent(Wang, Quan, et al, 2022).…”