Screening of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by On-Line Fiber-Optic-Interfaced Supercritical Fluid Extraction Spectrofluorometry

Tena, Marı́a Teresa; Castro, and María Dolores Luque de; Valcárcel, Miguel

doi:10.1021/ac960038n

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Among them SFE using inert, reusable CO 2 with/without addition of few organic solvents as modifier offers a more environmental friendly way of extracting contaminants in soil. [46][47][48] Analyzing different chemical compounds in a matrix such as soil is not easy. Different parameters play a role, such as how the compounds can be fully removed from the soil for a whole determination and characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Non-Targeted Method to Study Petroleum Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry Using Multiple Ionization Methods

Luo

Schräder

2020

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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A non-targeted method for analyzing petroleum hydrocarbons in soil was established by extracting a wide range of PAC compounds using a model system. Here, sand was spiked with a heavy crude oil, which simulated a hydrocarbon contaminated soil of low soil organic matter (SOM). Soxhlet and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was optimized for PAXHs analysis in soil. A concept of using multidimensional ionization for ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry was employed for detection using electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polycyclic aromatic heterocycles. Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS) with its ultrahigh mass resolution and high mass accuracy enables an unambiguous assignment of the detected ions obtained from different ionization methods, which provides a secure and comprehensive view of contaminants in soil on a molecular level. Over 95% of the spiked crude oil could be recovered by Soxhlet extraction using toluene, dichloromethane and acetone:n-hexane (1:1, v:v). In comparison, when using SFE with supercritical CO 2 the recovery was only about 50% but showed more polar compounds. Detailed analyses showed that besides 16 PAHs, a wide range with more than 10,000 PAXHs could also be successfully extracted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Non-Targeted Method to Study Petroleum Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry Using Multiple Ionization Methods

Luo

Schräder

2020

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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“…To overcome the problems associated with conventional highpressure cells, several groups have constructed cells based on fiber optics [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] to probe supercritical solutions with a range of spectroscopic techniques. Applications have included fluorescence measurements of organic compounds, 15,20 use of Raman spectroscopy to monitor reactions in supercritical water 21 and dissolved gases (H 2 , N 2 ) in supercritical CO 2 , 22 and, more recently, real-time monitoring of SFE by FT-IR 16 and fluorescence 17 spectroscopy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

UV−Visible Spectroscopic Measurement of Solubilities in Supercritical CO₂ Using High-Pressure Fiber-Optic Cells

1998

Anal. Chem.

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The design and construction of a microscale, fiber-optics-based system for the measurement of solubilities in supercritical CO(2) by UV-visible spectroscopy is described. This system consists of three high-pressure fiber-optic cells, with path lengths ranging from 38 μm to 1 cm, constructed from standard (1)/(16)-in. stainless steel fittings and silica fibers. It is capable of withstanding pressures in excess of 300 atm, and spectra over the entire UV-visible range (200-900 nm) can be obtained. Use of three cells with different path lengths enables compounds of high or low solubility to be measured over a concentration range of several orders of magnitude. The solubility of a uranium complex, UO(2)(tta)(2)·TBP, in supercritical CO(2) at 40 °C and over the pressure range 100-325 atm was determined, and it was found to be possible to attain solubilities in excess of 10(-)(2) M for metal species in unmodified supercritical CO(2). Also, the small volume of this system allows solubilities to be measured with relatively small amounts of compounds.

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“…From 1993, the range of detectors for SFE showed a rapid expansion. Infrared spectroscopy [72], spectrophotometry [73], spectrofluorimetry [74], thermal lens spectrometry [75], atomic absorption spectrometry [76], MS [77] and proton NMR [78] were all demonstrated in SFE using a windowed high-pressure flow cell for hybridization. FiguRe 4 shows the use of SFE and SFC in various analytical fields.…”

Section: Sfe-coupled Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioanalytical Applications Using Supercritical Fluid Techniques

2009

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The bioanalytical applications of supercritical fluid techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), are of increasing interest. The main role of these techniques is in the sample preparation and separation of biologically active compounds, particularly drugs and their metabolites, as well as endogenous compounds. An insight is given into the different types of extracting fluids and modifiers, detectors, stationary phases, mobile phases and collection strategies. A critical discussion is presented on the existing state of the art concerning the applications of SFC and SFE with a specific focus on its advantages and limitations in the bioanalytical field. New developments and the possibilities for routine work in the near future are also covered.

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Screening of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by On-Line Fiber-Optic-Interfaced Supercritical Fluid Extraction Spectrofluorometry

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Development of a Non-Targeted Method to Study Petroleum Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry Using Multiple Ionization Methods

Development of a Non-Targeted Method to Study Petroleum Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry Using Multiple Ionization Methods

UV−Visible Spectroscopic Measurement of Solubilities in Supercritical CO₂ Using High-Pressure Fiber-Optic Cells

Bioanalytical Applications Using Supercritical Fluid Techniques

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Screening of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by On-Line Fiber-Optic-Interfaced Supercritical Fluid Extraction Spectrofluorometry

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Development of a Non-Targeted Method to Study Petroleum Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry Using Multiple Ionization Methods

Development of a Non-Targeted Method to Study Petroleum Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry Using Multiple Ionization Methods

UV−Visible Spectroscopic Measurement of Solubilities in Supercritical CO2 Using High-Pressure Fiber-Optic Cells

Bioanalytical Applications Using Supercritical Fluid Techniques

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Product

Resources

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UV−Visible Spectroscopic Measurement of Solubilities in Supercritical CO₂ Using High-Pressure Fiber-Optic Cells