Bioanalytical Applications Using Supercritical Fluid Techniques

Ríos, Ángel; Zougagh, Mohammed; Andrés, Fernando de

doi:10.4155/bio.09.167

Cited by 30 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Some applications of SFC for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in biological materials were previously reviewed [90,117] similarly to the analysis of metabolites by SFC-MS [118,119]. A current overview of SFC applications in analysis of pharmaceuticals in biological materials is shown in Supplementary Table 2.…”

Section: Application Of Sfc To the Analysis Of Pharmaceuticals In Biomentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical fluid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis

Desfontaine

Guillarme

Francotte

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

204

102

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Section: Application Of Sfc To the Analysis Of Pharmaceuticals In Biomentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical fluid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis

Desfontaine

Guillarme

Francotte

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

204

102

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“…To date, SFC has been scarcely used for analyzing complex matrices and was still considered few years ago in its adolescence for clinical purposes even if it has the potential to become a reference technique in the close future [87,88]. However, as reported by Lesellier [89] and recently confirmed by Yamada et al.…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 90%

Multi-Target Screening of Biological Samples Using LC–MS/MS: Focus on Chromatographic Innovations

Köhler

Guillarme

2014

Bioanalysis

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Multi-target screening of biological fluids is a key tool in clinical and forensic toxicology. A complete toxicological analysis encompasses the sample preparation, the chromatographic separation and the detection. The present review briefly covers the new trends in sample preparation and detection and mainly focuses on the chromatographic stage, since a lot of technical improvements have been proposed over the last years. Among them, columns packed with sub-2 μm fully porous particles and sub-3 μm core-shell particles allow for significant improvements of resolution and higher throughput. Even if reversed-phase LC remains the most widely used chromatographic mode for toxicological screening, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography appear as promising alternatives for attaining orthogonal selectivity, retention of polar compounds, and enhanced MS sensitivity.

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“…Some years ago, it was mentioned that SFC was still in its adolescence for clinical applications, but had the potential to become a reference technique in a close future [11,12]. Over the years, the number of applications dealing with urine, plasma/blood or bile samples is growing but is still far from the amount of RPLC applications dealing with biological fluids [13,14].…”

Section: Which Matrices and Sample Preparation Techniques Are Suitablmentioning

confidence: 98%

SFC–MS Versus RPLC–MS for Drug Analysis in Biological Samples

2015

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Keywords: MS • plasma • SFC-MS • supercritical fluid chromatography • urine Brief overview of modern supercritical fluid chromatography & coupling of SFC with MSThe advantages of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) over LC have been widely described in the past and include enhanced kinetic performance, due to the lower fluid viscosity and better solute diffusion coefficient; lower consumption of organic solvents; highly efficient chiral separation in presence of a supercritical fluid; and improvement of productivity at the preparative scale [1][2][3]. However, all these benefits were restricted by the lack of robustness/reliability, limited sensitivity and poor quantitative performance of old-generation SFC systems. This is certainly why SFC has never been considered as a forefront separation technique since its discovery in 1962 [4]. Over the last few years, a new generation of instruments and columns has appeared on the market. These new systems tackle the above-mentioned shortcomings. In addition, they also make SFC compatible with the most recent column types, such as the ones packed with fully porous sub-2 μm particles, or with sub-3 μm superficially porous particles [5].When dealing with the analysis of biological samples, another important aspect to consider is compatibility of the separation technique with MS, as this detector allows improving selectivity, sensitivity and identification power [6]. In theory, the coupling of SFC with ESI source should be straightforward since the mobile phase is composed of a high proportion of CO 2 , which should enhance the evaporation step during the ionization process. However, it is also important to keep in mind that CO 2 is decompressing through the transfer line between SFC and MS, leading to possible analyte precipitation and poor retention time repeatability. For these reasons, the coupling of SFC with ESI/MS involves the use of a dedicated interface. Among the existing interfaces, some of them are more universal or user friendly, while others are more sensitive [7]. Today, the most advantageous interface seems to be the pre-back pressure regulator (BPR) splitting interface using a make-up pump, as it offers good flexibility in terms of applicable chromatographic conditions, extended robustness and ease of use [7]. Which analytes are compatible with SFC-MS?In the early days of SFC, the mobile phase was exclusively composed of supercritical CO 2 , possessing a polarity close to that of hexane. Therefore, SFC was only suitable for the analysis of highly lipophilic compounds such as petroleum fractions, and remained hardly compatible with drugs and other compounds of biological interest [1,2]. To increase the mobile phase polarity and extend the range of compounds compatible with SFC, an organic modifier (in average between 5 and 40% methanol) is generally added to the supercritical CO 2 . With such a mobile phase, and considering the wide range of stationary phase chemistries available for SFC operation (e.g., polar, nonpolar, aromatic and mixedmode), this sep...

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Bioanalytical Applications Using Supercritical Fluid Techniques

Cited by 30 publications

References 113 publications

Supercritical fluid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis

Supercritical fluid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis

Multi-Target Screening of Biological Samples Using LC–MS/MS: Focus on Chromatographic Innovations

SFC–MS Versus RPLC–MS for Drug Analysis in Biological Samples

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