Screening of platelet concentrates for bacterial contamination: spectrum of bacteria detected, proportionof transfused units, and clinical follow-up

Walther-Wenke, G.; Schrezenmeier, Hubert; Deitenbeck, Robert; Geis, G.; Burkhart, Jürgen; Höchsmann, Britta; Sireis, Walid; Schmidt, Michael; Seifried, Erhard; Gebauer, Wolfgang; Liebscher, Ute-Maja; Weinauer, Franz; Müller, Thomas H.

doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0762-2

Cited by 58 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The other CNS species found corresponded to a large extent with the CNS species found in a study that determined the spectrum of bacteria detected in PCs in Germany (Walther-Wenke et al, 2010). The CNS species found originate most likely from the normal skin flora (Gao et al, 2007) with one remarkable exception; S. pasteuri.…”

Section: Strain As Identified By Sequencing Identification Confidencesupporting

confidence: 63%

Distribution, origin and contamination risk of coagulase-negative staphylococci from platelet concentrates

Rood

Korte

Ramirez‐Arcos

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis is the most common microbiological risk of transfusion and is caused mostly by platelet concentrates (PCs). The most frequently identified bacterial contaminants of PCs are coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). In order to learn more about the distribution, source and risk of the CNS that are involved in bacterial contamination of PCs, CNS strains isolated during platelet screening were collected and characterized to the species level with three different methods: 16S rRNA and sodA gene sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. AFLP analysis was also used for the typing of the CNS strains. A total of 83 CNS strains were analysed by sequencing and 8 different CNS species were identified, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being the predominant species. MALDI-TOF MS and AFLP analysis confirmed these results to a large extent. However, MALDI_TOF MS could not identify all strains to the species level and AFLP analysis revealed an additional, likely novel, CNS species. The species identified are mainly recognized as being part of the normal skin flora. Typing of the CNS strains by AFLP analysis showed that there was not a unique strain which is significantly more often present during bacterial contamination of PCs.

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Section: Strain As Identified By Sequencing Identification Confidencesupporting

confidence: 63%

Distribution, origin and contamination risk of coagulase-negative staphylococci from platelet concentrates

Rood

Korte

Ramirez‐Arcos

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Opportunistic infections attributed to S. marcescens have been traced to many different sources over the years. Contaminated ultrasonic nebulizers (320), ventilator nebulizers (374), inhalation therapy medications (335), inhalation therapy stock solutions (391), air conditioning units (223,304), shaving brushes used prior to surgery (237,408,409), pressure transducers (30,112,397), tap water from pressure-monitoring equipment (327), urine-measuring containers, urinometers, urine-collecting basins, and urinals (147,329,349,356,418), a cystoscopy area (222), sinks (202,356), bronchoscopes (304,353,389), reusable rectal balloons (61), electrocardiogram leads (360), vitrectomy apparatuses (211), theater linen (124), glass syringes used for preparing intravenous injection fluids (382), saline solutions (66), heparinized saline (375), cream used for obstetric pelvic examinations (365), liquid nonmedicated soap (337), a liquid soap dispenser (374), a finger ring (201), tap water used to take oral medications (186), betamethasone injections (77), an anesthetic (propofol) (33,181,278), a narcotic (fentanyl) (289), and transfusion products (315,342,403) have all been found to be reservoirs for S. marcescens.…”

Section: S Marcescensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serratia Infections: from Military Experiments to Current Practice

2011

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SUMMARY Serratia species, in particular Serratia marcescens , are significant human pathogens. S. marcescens has a long and interesting taxonomic, medical experimentation, military experimentation, and human clinical infection history. The organisms in this genus, particularly S. marcescens , were long thought to be nonpathogenic. Because S. marcescens was thought to be a nonpathogen and is usually red pigmented, the U.S. military conducted experiments that attempted to ascertain the spread of this organism released over large areas. In the process, members of both the public and the military were exposed to S. marcescens , and this was uncovered by the press in the 1970s, leading to U.S. congressional hearings. S. marcescens was found to be a certain human pathogen by the mid-1960s. S. marcescens and S. liquefaciens have been isolated as causative agents of numerous outbreaks and opportunistic infections, and the association of these organisms with point sources such as medical devices and various solutions given to hospitalized patients is striking. Serratia species appear to be common environmental organisms, and this helps to explain the large number of nosocomial infections due to these bacteria. Since many nosocomial infections are caused by multiply antibiotic-resistant strains of S. marcescens , this increases the danger to hospitalized patients, and hospital personnel should be vigilant in preventing nosocomial outbreaks due to this organism. S. marcescens , and probably other species in the genus, carries several antibiotic resistance determinants and is also capable of acquiring resistance genes. S. marcescens and S. liquefaciens are usually identified well in the clinical laboratory, but the other species are rare enough that laboratory technologists may not recognize them. 16S rRNA gene sequencing may enable better identification of some of the less common Serratia species.

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“…As amostras que em 48h não demonstraram nenhum crescimento DISCUSSãO A sepse associada à transfusão de plaquetas é reconhecida como a mais comum complicação infecciosa da terapia da transfusão sanguínea, sendo duas vezes mais frequente que a transmissão viral associada à transfusão 11 . Vários estudos já foram realizados empregando metodologias de cultura convencional e automatizada para detectar a contaminação bacteriana em CPs obtidos por aférese e randomicamente 13,17,18 . Todos os CPs contaminados do nosso estudo foram obtidos randomicamente.…”

Section: Métodos Resultadosunclassified

“…Recentemente, Walther-Wenke cols 18 Os contaminantes encontrados nos CPs são predominantemente bactérias gram-positivas, principalmente Staphylococcus spp o qual faz parte da flora residente da pele 11,13,18 . Como a maioria dos contaminantes prevalentes é oriunda da pele, há a necessidade de executar uma desinfecção que seja comprovadamente eficaz no local da punção.…”

Section: Métodos Resultadosunclassified

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Contaminação bacteriana em concentrados plaquetários: identificação, perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e sepse associada à transfusão

Martini

Kempfer

Rodrigues

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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RESUMOIntrodução: Devido à sepse bacteriana associada à transfusão de concentrados plaquetários (CPs) ter sérias consequências clínicas para os pacientes, alguns procedimentos têm sido incorporados na preparação e no controle de qualidade dos componentes sanguíneos para reduzir o risco da contaminação bacteriana. Este artigo descreve a prevalência da contaminação bacteriana dos CPs que foram transfundidos, o espectro bacteriano detectado com seu perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e as reações transfusionais nos receptores. Métodos: Um total de 292 CPs (278 randômicos e 14 por aférese), proveniente do Hemocentro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (HEMORGS) de Santa Maria foi testado. As quantidades de 100µL e 200µL foram coletadas da porção tubular da bolsa de plaquetas e semeadas utilizando dois tipos de metodologias. Resultados: Em cinco unidades(1,7%; 5/292) foram isoladas bactérias pela metodologia qualitativa e apenas uma pela quantitativa. Staphylococcus epidermidis foi o microrganismo identificado em todas as amostras. Dois pacientes apresentaram sepse associada à transfusão com desfecho fatal. Conclusões: A contaminação bacteriana pelas transfusões de CPs constitui-se num importante problema de saúde pública devido a sua associação com altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Neste estudo, somente microrganismos gram-positivos foram isolados sendo que nenhuma amostra obtida por aférese apresentou contaminação. Palavras-chaves: Concentrados plaquetários. Contaminação bacteriana. Sepse. Staphylococcus epidermidis. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Bacterial sepsis associated with the transfusion of platelet concentrates (PCs) results in serious clinical implications for patients. Given these implications, certain procedures have been integrated into the preparation and quality control of blood components to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. This article describes the prevalence of bacterial contamination on transfused PCs, the bacterial spectrum detected and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile and transfusion reactions in receptors. Methods: A total of 292 PCs (278 random and 14 per apheresis) from the Blood Center of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (HEMORGS), located in the city of Santa Maria, were tested. Quantities of 100µL and 200µL were collected from platelet bag tubing and seeded using two methodologies. Results: Using the qualitative methodology, bacteria were isolated in five units (1.7%; 5/292), while only one was isolated using the quantitative methodology. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the microorganism identified in all samples. Two patients died of transfusion-related sepsis. Conclusions: Bacterial contamination due to PC transfusion is considered a major public health problem due to its association with high rates of morbidity and mortality. In this study only gram-positive microorganisms were isolated and none of the samples obtained by apheresis presented contamination.

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Screening of platelet concentrates for bacterial contamination: spectrum of bacteria detected, proportionof transfused units, and clinical follow-up

Cited by 58 publications

References 36 publications

Distribution, origin and contamination risk of coagulase-negative staphylococci from platelet concentrates

Distribution, origin and contamination risk of coagulase-negative staphylococci from platelet concentrates

Serratia Infections: from Military Experiments to Current Practice

Contaminação bacteriana em concentrados plaquetários: identificação, perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e sepse associada à transfusão

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