Screening for Virulent Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskal

Bateman, Roy; Carey, M.; Batt, D.; Prior, C.; Abraham, Y. J.; Moore, D.; Jenkins, Nina E.; Fenlon, J. S.

doi:10.1080/09583159631181

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Initially, isolates were obtained from a wide range of sources, especially the USDA-ARS ARSEF collection (Humber 1992 , has been included in many of the screens as a standard for comparison. The mean average survival time (AST) for 26 tests on this isolate is 4.4 days (sl 0.45) (Bateman et al 1996). More than 20 isolates of Metarhiziul??…”

Section: Thxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

DEVELOPMENT OF METARHIZIUM SPP. FOR THE CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS

Lomer¹,

Prior²,

Kooyman³

1997

Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can.

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Memoirs of the Entonological Society of Canada l7l: 265-286 (1991) Four research programmes are investigating the entomopathogenic fungal genera Metat hiziunt and Beauveria for locust and grasshopper control in Africa. ln the LUBILOSA programme, surveys for pathogen isolates revealed a morphologically distinctive Metarhizium t'lavoviride Gams and Rozsypal attacking acridoids in West Africa, Madagascar, and elsewhere. Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin isolates with virulence to acridoids were also obtained, including several from non-orthopteran hosts. Natural epizootics ofboth genera are rare in acridoid populations, but do occur. A standardized screening method discriminated virulent from non-vitulent isolates. The great majority of the most virulent isolates were from the acridoid group of M . JIat,oviride. A Niger isolate chosen for development from this group had 1ow virulence to honey bees and parasitic Hymenoptera and was not infective to insects in several otler orders. Field tests were carried out on fo^rmulations of oil mixtures, using ULV application rates of l-2Llha and2-5 x l0'' conidia per hectare. In preliminary tests, target insects were sprayed successfully in small field arenas and in large cages. Trials

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Section: Thxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

DEVELOPMENT OF METARHIZIUM SPP. FOR THE CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS

Lomer¹,

Prior²,

Kooyman³

1997

Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can.

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“…acridum IMI 330189 fell within the range of reported values between 4 and 6 days in bioassays of laboratory stocks of acridids infected with M. anisopliae var. acridum in previous studies (Smits et al 1999;Bateman et al 1996;David Hunter, pers. comm.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…anisopliae from orthopteran hosts is not common (Herná ndez-Crespo and Santiago-Á lvarez 1997; Kooyman and Shah 1992;Prior 1992). However, other studies have demonstrated that Metarhizium isolates from non-orthopteran origins may have greater pathogenicity to acridids than isolates from Orthoptera (Bateman et al 1996). In Madagascar, Welling et al (1994) found a native virulent strain of M. anisopliae isolated from soil caused faster and higher mortality than an indigenous orthopteran isolate of M. flavoviride in bioassays of a laboratory strain of desert locusts, and concluded that soil-derived isolates may also be effective against certain target species and therefore should be included in routine bioassays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Discovery of a North American genetic variant of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae pathogenic to grasshoppers

2006

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A genetic variant of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae, isolated from a soil in Alberta, Canada, from a location with a history of severe grasshopper infestations, was evaluated for pathogenicity in bioassays of living grasshoppers. Mortality in treated individuals drawn from a laboratory colony was 99% (LT 50 = 6.7 days, LT 90 = 9.6 days) at 12 days postinoculation compared to 100% (LT 50 = 4.1 days, LT 90 = 5.8 days) mortality at 8 days in insects exposed to a commercial isolate of M. anisopliae var. acridum (IMI 330189). Experimental infection of field-collected grasshoppers under laboratory conditions with the native isolate of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae resulted in 100% (LT 50 = 4.4 days, LT 90 = 5.4 days) mortality attained within 7 days compared to 100% (LT 50 = 4.7 days, LT 90 = 6.3 days) mortality in 9 days in insects treated with M. anisopliae var. acridum. Amplification of fungal genomic DNA from the indigenous isolate with primers for the specific detection of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae produced a product almost 300 bp larger than expected based on previously known isolates. This is the first demonstration of a highly virulent, indigenous non-chemical control agent of grasshoppers in North America.

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“…Microbial control using entomogenous fungi was seen as a promising alternative to chemical insecticides, which resulted in environmental problems and which posed health hazards to humans and livestock . The project entailed basic studies including exploration for (Shah et al, 1997) and evaluation of pathogens attacking locusts and grasshoppers (Bateman et al, 1996;Prior et al, 1995), characterization of potential control agents (Bridge et al, 1997), and studies on the interaction of target insects with the selected pathogen, M. anisopliae var acridum ( D M. Xavoviride) (Blanford and Thomas, 2001;Moore et al, 1992). Along with these basic studies were the development of new, or adaptation of available, technologies to mass produce (Jenkins and Goettel, 1997), formulate, and apply massive quantities of the fungus over large areas and under the arid conditions under which the pests abound (Bateman, 1997;Kooyman and Godonou, 1997;Moore and Caudwell, 1997).…”

Section: Microbial Control Agents: the Lubilosa Program Examplementioning

confidence: 99%