“…The interaction results in chemical by-products in the cell cytoplasm similar to those produced from exposure to chemical carcinogens such as those contained in tobacco smoke. While the mechanism by which alpha particles cause lung cancer has not been elucidated, a variety of genetic lesions, including chromosomal damage, gene mutations, induction of micronuclei, and sister chromatid exchange (SCE), have been associated with the DNAdamaging effects of alpha particles (Bartsch et al, 1995a;Kennedy et al, 1996;Brooks et al, 1990;Deshpande et al, 1996;Nagasawa and Little, 1992;Wu et al, 1999;Hei et al, 1997Hei et al, , 1998. Emerit et al (1995) found that the classtogenic properties of blood from personnel accidently irradiated at the Chernobyl nuclear power regressed and nearly completed disappeared after treatment with the extract of Ginkgo biloba, which is known for it superoxide scavenging properties.…”