Screening for HIV-Associated Anal Cancer: Correlation of HPV Genotypes, p16, and E6 Transcripts with Anal Pathology

Abstract

Background: HIV-positive men with a history of analreceptive intercourse are at risk for anal cancer. We determined whether human papilloma virus (HPV) biomarkers were correlated with anal pathology in these men. Methods: HPV genotype was determined by PCR/line blot assay. Real-time PCR assays were done for viral load, E6 transcripts for HPV genotypes 16, 18, and 31, and p16 transcripts. Results: The most common oncogenic HPV types were HPV 16 (38%), 18 (19%), 45 (22%), and 52 (19%). HPV types 16, 18, 31, 52, 59, and 68 were associated with highgrade histology. The number of HPV genotypes per anal swab was higher for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) 2/3 than for normal or AIN 1 histology [median, 5 types (interquartile range) (IQR), 3-7 versus 3.5 (IQR), 2-6; P = 0.0005]. HPV 16 viral load was also associated with

Use of human papillomavirus genotyping and biomarkers for targeted screening of anal dysplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

“…However, to the best of our knowledge, only few studies on the yield of biomarkers for the screening of anal canal cancer in high-risk groups have been published (12, [20][21][22], and only one studied high-risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA and p16 INK4A /Ki-67 immunostaining simultaneously (12). All four studies published to date confirm that these biomarkers may be of interest for anal dysplasia screening, although further investigations are required to better define their respective added values.…”

Anal cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia: epidemiology, screening and prevention of a sexually transmitted disease

“…The addition of biomarkers such as HPV typing or E6 RNA transcripts may help to better determine who should undergo highresolution anoscopy. 32 Digital anal examination should be emphasized as a method for detecting early cancers, because these smaller cancers have a better outcome. However, a digital examination does not detect precancerous lesions.…”

Age-Specific Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Males: A Global Review

“…In San Francisco, HIV-positive MSM (mean age: 42 years) and HIV-negative MSM (mean age: 45 years) had overall anal HPV prevalences of 93% and 61%, respectively [19,61,63]. In Toronto, Canada, overall HPV prevalence among HIV-positive men (mean age: 44 years) was 93% [56]. In Seattle, HIV-positive MSM (mean age: 28 years) and HIV-negative MSM (mean age: 29 years) had overall prevalences of 92% and 66%, respectively [20,66,67].…”