Screening for Ergot Particles in Grain Products by Light Microscopy

Peace, Diane McClymont; Harwig, J.

doi:10.1016/s0315-5463(82)72381-8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This correlation also shows that measuring EAs can be used to some extent as a proxy for SAs abundance. It is already known that the pigment content of sclerotia is proportional to its alkaloid content and thus a pigments quantification (namely clavorubrin) can provide a method for measuring the samples’ toxicity [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergochromes: Heretofore Neglected Side of Ergot Toxicity

Flieger

Stodůlková

Wyka

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Ergot, fungal genus Claviceps, are worldwide distributed grass pathogens known for their production of toxic ergot alkaloids (EAs) and the great agricultural impact they have on both cereal crop and farm animal production. EAs are traditionally considered as the only factor responsible for ergot toxicity. Using broad sampling covering 13 ergot species infecting wild or agricultural grasses (including cereals) across Europe, USA, New Zealand, and South Africa we showed that the content of ergochrome pigments were comparable to the content of EAs in sclerotia. While secalonic acids A–C (SAs), the main ergot ergochromes (ECs), are well known toxins, our study is the first to address the question about their contribution to overall ergot toxicity. Based on our and published data, the importance of SAs in acute intoxication seems to be negligible, but the effect of chronic exposure needs to be evaluated. Nevertheless, they have biological activities at doses corresponding to quantities found in natural conditions. Our study highlights the need for a re-evaluation of ergot toxicity mechanisms and further studies of SAs’ impact on livestock production and food safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergochromes: Heretofore Neglected Side of Ergot Toxicity

Flieger

Stodůlková

Wyka

et al. 2019

Toxins

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“…The small analyte volume (50 /uL) makes it possible to test smaller samples, such as single seeds, sclerotia, or fungal colonies from agar plates. Detection of ergot sclerotia in whole grains is quite easy with the naked eye, but once the sample has been milled, light microscopy must be used to detect sclerotial fragments (McClymont and Harwig, 1982). The CI-ELISA would be a convenient assay method in milled grains, and the sensitivity should be adequate to detect potentially hazardous ergoline-containing alkaloids where levels of ergot contamination are significant [0.3% ergot contamination accepted as the U.S. standard (Marasas and Nelson, 1987)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of ergot alkaloids from Claviceps species in agricultural products by competitive ELISA using a monoclonal antibody

Shelby¹,

Kelley²

1992

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) was developed which was able to detect ergot alkaloids in seed and flour at the picograms per gram level. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against ergonovine was found to be sensitive to the secondary metabolites of Claviceps spp. having an intact ergoline moiety in wheat, bahiagrass, bluegrass, and tall fescue seeds. The assay could detect the alkaloids of Claviceps purpurea when sclerotia were diluted 10~5 by weight in whole wheat flour, or approximately one sclerotium in 20 kg of wheat. Ergonovine added to ergot-free wheat flour was detected at 10 ng/g. Total elapsed time for the assay is 1.5 h for 96 samples in the microplate format.

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Real-time PCR Detection of Sorghum Ergot Pathogens Claviceps africana, Claviceps sorghi and Claviceps sorghicola

Tooley

Carras

Sechler

et al. 2010

Journal of Phytopathology

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Sorghum ergot is a serious disease that has caused major losses in sorghum growing regions worldwide. Claviceps africana, originally reported from Zimbabwe, is now the most widely distributed species causing ergot in many countries including the United States of America, whereas both C. africana and Claviceps sorghi exist in India. A third species (Claviceps sorghicola) has been described causing sorghum ergot in Japan. As the three species show morphological similarities, a DNAbased assay is desirable for rapid identification in cases where ergot-infected sorghum is found by regulatory authorities. We designed PCR primers and probes from the intron 3 region of the b-tubulin gene (for C. africana and C. sorghi) and the intron 4 region of EF-1a (for C. sorghicola) and tested them by real-time PCR with purified DNA and ergot samples from the field and greenhouse. The primer and probe sets specifically amplified DNA from the respective species with a detection limit of c. 1 pg DNA. Genomic DNA from six other Claviceps species did not amplify in any of the three ergot species-specific assays. The assays we describe will provide useful tools for detecting sorghum ergot pathogens in seed and grain shipments and for determining which species are present in the samples, thereby aiding in the regulatory decisionmaking process.

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Screening for Ergot Particles in Grain Products by Light Microscopy

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Ergochromes: Heretofore Neglected Side of Ergot Toxicity

Ergochromes: Heretofore Neglected Side of Ergot Toxicity

Detection of ergot alkaloids from Claviceps species in agricultural products by competitive ELISA using a monoclonal antibody

Real-time PCR Detection of Sorghum Ergot Pathogens Claviceps africana, Claviceps sorghi and Claviceps sorghicola

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