Screening for antibacterial and antifungal activities in marine benthic invertebrates from northern Norway

Abstract

16 17Benthic marine invertebrates collected from sub-Arctic regions of northern Norway, 18 were found to be a promising source of novel bioactive compounds against human and fish 19 pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Lyophilized material from seven species of ascidians, six 20 sponges and one soft alcyonid coral were extracted with 60% acidified acetonitrile (ACN). 21After separation into an ACN-rich phase (ACN extract) and an aqueous phase, and 22 subsequent solid phase extraction of the aqueous phase, fractions differing in polarity were 23 obtained and screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities, along with the more 24 lipophilic ACN-extracts. Antimicrobial activity was determined against two Gram-negative, 25 two Gram-positive bacteria, and two strains of fungi. Notably, all the invertebrate species in 26 * Manuscript 2 the study showed activity against all four strains of bacteria and the two strains of fungi. In 1 general, the aqueous fractions displayed highest antimicrobial activity, and the most potent 2 extracts were obtained from the colonial ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria which displayed 3 activity against bacteria and fungi at a concentration of 0.02 mg/ml; the lowest concentration 4 tested. 5 6

Marine pharmacology in 2007–8: Marine compounds with antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the immune and nervous system, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action

“…and Synechococcus sp. extracts towards Gram-positive bacteria (Martins et al, 2008); antibacterial activity against human and fish bacteria from the sub-Arctic colonial ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria from northern Norway (Tadesse et al, 2008); strong antibiotic-producing potential in actinomycetes from sediments in the Trondheim fjord in Norway (Bredholt et al, 2008); antibacterial activity of deep-sea bacteria from sediments of the West Pacific Ocean ; potent antimicrobial activity in the green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis collected in Gujarat, India (Nair et al, 2007); a nonhemolytic antimicrobial lipopeptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus circulans (Das et al, 2008); a T-antigen binding lectin with bioactivity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria from the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Gowda et al, 2008); anticoagulant activity of a 100-500 kDa polysaccharide isolated from the fermented red seaweed Lomentaria catenata which was greater than the clinical anticoagulant heparin (Pushpamali et al, 2008); antimycobacterial activity in long-chain fatty acids isolated from the red alga Polysiphonia virgata (Saravanakumar et al, 2008); antileishmanial and anti-trichomonal activity in organic extracts of several Mexican red and brown algae Moo-Puc et al, 2008); anti-HIV-1 activity of novel sulfated galactans isolated from the Chinese red algae Grateloupia longifolia and Grateloupia filicina ; significant anti-herpes simplex virus activity in a 30 kDa polysaccharide isolated from the red alga Gracilaria corticata ; immunomodulatory effects of an enzymatic extract from the South Korean marine brown alga Ecklonia cava on murine splenocytes (Ahn et al, 2008); immunostimulant properties of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the Brazilian red alga Champia feldmannii ; antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the Indian red and brown seaweed methanolic extracts with high phenolic contents (Devi et al, 2008); and decreased expression of key regulatory genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways by the lipid extract of the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides Kützing (Rasmussen et al, 2008).…”

Studies on bioprospecting potential of a gastropod mollusc Cantharus tranquebaricus (Gmelin, 1791)

“…Many antimicrobial screening studies have shown that the Gram negative bacteria are more sensitive than Gram positive bacteria [13] . Overall, the gastropod extract caused growth inhibition in gram positive and gram negative bacteria.…”

Morphometric and Nutrient Content of Endemic Solen sp. (Lorjuk) of Pamekasan Madura

“…Natural isolation products from bivalves and gastropods have been used as antioxidants, antibacterial antivirals, antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic anticancer and enzyme inhibitors [6]; [7]; [8]. Some secondary metabolites of aquatic organisms show pharmacological activity [9].…”