Screen printed fabric electrode array for wearable functional electrical stimulation

Yang, Kai; Freeman, Chris T.; Torah, Russel; Beeby, Steve; Tudor, John

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2014.03.025

Cited by 102 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…[13][14][15][16] The main drawbacks of weaving and knitting are their limitation on design freedom, since the conductive path is constrained to follow the perpendicular orientation (warp or weft direction) within the fabric. 22 However, the two aforementioned printing techniques not only highly rely on sophisticated instruments but also need post-printing procedure. (II), Printing conductive inks onto textiles with the aid of ink-jet printer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of dual-side metal patterns onto textile substrates for wearable electronics by combining wax-dot printing with electroless plating

Zhao

Hou

et al. 2016

J. Mater. Chem. C

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Textile wearable electronics offer the consolidated advantages of both electronics and textile characteristics. Wearable electronic systems typically require conductive tracks as platform to form the integration of electronic components. Herein we developed a site-selective electroless plating process to construct dual-side Cu patterns onto textile substrates. The proposed craft was mainly comprised of four procedures, namely, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS)-modification, wax-pattern printing, selective Au-seeding and Cu-patterns deposition. Specifically, waxes were transferred from commercial wax impregnated papers to APTMS modified fabrics with the aid of a conventional stylus printer. Intensive waxed dots then composed a wax pattern which corresponded to the input image designed on the computer. The wax pattern acted as a hydrophobic mask on the fabric surface and hindered the covered areas from being activated by subsequent Au catalysts. The non-covered areas, in contrast, were APTMS naked surfaces which normally adsorbed Au nanoparticles and had Cu tracks grown. The minimum width of the Cu track was 400 μm with 3.57 % deviation and the typical resistivity was 7.52 μΩ cm, which was about 4.6 times of the bulk metal Cu (at room temperature). The reliabilities of textile-based conductive Cu patterns were confirmed by Air-exposure, Ultrasonic washing and Scotch®-tape tests. In addition, the universality and versatility of the proposed method were validated by fabricating different metal patterns on various types of flexible substrates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of dual-side metal patterns onto textile substrates for wearable electronics by combining wax-dot printing with electroless plating

Zhao

Hou

et al. 2016

J. Mater. Chem. C

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“…Then future work will focus on developing a wearable tremor suppression system. This will exploit recent developments in fabric FES electrodes [50], miniature electronics, and sensors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Control of Electrical Stimulation for Tremor Suppression

Copur

Freeman

Chu

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.

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Abstract-Tremor is a rapid involuntary movement often seen in patients with neurological conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease. This debilitating oscillation can be suppressed by applying functional electrical stimulation (FES) within a closed-loop control system. However, conventional implementations use classical control methods and have proved capable of only limited performance. This paper establishes the feasibility of embedding repetitive control (RC) action to exploit the capability of learning from experience to completely suppress tremor at the wrist via FES regulated co-contraction of wrist extensors/flexors. A nonlinear model structure and associated identification procedure is first proposed to guarantee stability and performance of the RC system. Then a linearising control approach is developed to facilitate transparent RC design, together with a mechanism to preserve patients' voluntary intention. Experimental evaluation is performed with both unimpaired and neurologically impaired participants using a validated wristrig. For the former group a novel electromechanical system is employed to induce tremor artificially. Results are benchmarked against a well-known classical filtering technique to establish the efficacy of the RC approach. These confirm that the proposed control system with the developed model identification procedure can increase tremor suppression by 43.3% compared with conventional filtering. In addition, the mechanism decreases the interference of RC action with voluntary motion by 20.2% compared with conventional filtering.

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“…However, the cost of such an approach is high and not a realistic solution in clinical practice. To address this we are exploring alternative solutions, including the use of dry electrodes (see, for example [31]). Other minor product development issues remain, including the development of an improved garment to house the stimulator on the leg and minor improvements to the firmware, all of which may be easily resolved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the design and clinical evaluation of the ShefStim array-based functional electrical stimulation system

Kenney

Heller

Barker

et al. 2016

Medical Engineering & Physics

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Functional electrical stimulation has been shown to be a safe and effective means of correcting foot drop of central neurological origin. Current surface-based devices typically consist of a single channel stimulator, a sensor for determining gait phase and a cuff, within which is housed the anode and cathode. The cuff-mounted electrode design reduces the likelihood of large errors in electrode placement, but the user is still fully responsible for selecting the correct stimulation level each time the system is donned. Researchers have investigated different approaches to automating aspects of setup and/or use, including recent promising work based on iterative learning techniques. This paper reports on the design and clinical evaluation of an electrode array-based FES system for the correction of drop foot, ShefStim. The paper reviews the design process from proof of concept lab-based study, through modelling of the array geometry and interface layer to array search algorithm development. Finally, the paper summarises two clinical studies involving patients with drop foot. The results suggest that the ShefStim system with automated setup produces results which are comparable with clinician setup of conventional systems. Further, the final study demonstrated that patients can use the system without clinical supervision. When used unsupervised, setup time was 14 minutes (9 minutes for automated search plus 5 minutes for donning the equipment), although this figure could be reduced significantly with relatively minor changes to the design.

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Screen printed fabric electrode array for wearable functional electrical stimulation

Cited by 102 publications

References 14 publications

Fabrication of dual-side metal patterns onto textile substrates for wearable electronics by combining wax-dot printing with electroless plating

Fabrication of dual-side metal patterns onto textile substrates for wearable electronics by combining wax-dot printing with electroless plating

Repetitive Control of Electrical Stimulation for Tremor Suppression

A review of the design and clinical evaluation of the ShefStim array-based functional electrical stimulation system

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