Screen-printable surfactant-induced sol–gel graphite composites for electrochemical sensors

Electrochemical determination of reduced glutathione (GSH) by applying the powder microelectrode technique

“…Thus, the analysis of GSH in blood samples is of significant interest due to its potential for disease diagnosis. Electrochemical method for the determination of GSH has been receiving more and more attentions in recent years [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]20,21,[26][27][28]. However, not withstanding the fact that the hydrosulfide group of GSH is very reactive and easily oxidized by oxygen and peroxides, the electrochemical oxidation of GSH at unmodified traditional electrodes is usually a very slow process, except the mercury electrode [18,19], which is apparently not ideal for use as sensor due to its toxicity.…”

“…Enzymes such as GSH oxidase [3], GSH peroxidase [4,5] and tyrosinase [6]; metal organic compounds including cobalt phthalocyanine [7][8][9], indium hexacyanoferrate [10] and cobalt hexacyanoferrate [11,12]; and TTF-TCNQ [14] have been applied in the modification of the electrodes. In the case of GSH oxidase-modified electrode, hydrogen peroxide, the product of the enzyme reaction, is usually detected at potential of +0.6 V (vs. SCE).…”

Screen-printed bienzymatic sensor based on sol–gel immobilized Nippostrongylus brasiliensis acetylcholinesterase and a cytochrome P450 BM-3 (CYP102-A1) mutant

“…Method 1: Based on a protocol from Guo and Guadeloupe (Guo and Guadalupe, 1998), a sol-gel paste was made by stirring thoroughly AOT : PBS (50 mM, pH 7. min, and the pastes were screen-printed on the TCNQ graphite layer. The optimal sol-gel ratio in the HEC solution was found to be 26 % (w/w).…”

Sol-Gel Derived Composite Ceramic Carbon Electrodes

“…High electrochemical sensitivity of cobalt phthalocyanine modi®ed CCEs to hydrazine, Sol-Gel Derived Composite Ceramic Carbon Electrodes hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid, cysteine and thiourea was demonstrated [30]. Quinones [23,45] and ferrocenyl containing groups [23,27,33,37,58], viologens [59,60] and tetrathiafulvalene [31] dopants were reported for catalysis and charge transfer mediation, particularly for biosensing applications. Wang's group and ours reported mediated electrochemical oxidation of NADH, a common dehydrogenase cofactor, by Meldola's blue doped CCEs [24,61].…”