Scrambled or bisected mouse eggs and the basis of patterning in mammals

Gardner, Richard L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199904)21:4<271::aid-bies2>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The maturation period can be further divided into two distinct aspects: (1) cytoplasmic maturation, which refers to the expression and organization of factors essential for egg activation, pronuclear development, axis specification, and maternal inheritance (Eppig et al, 1994;Antczak and van Blerkom, 1997;Gardner, 1999;Cheung et al, 2000), and (2) nuclear maturation, including chromosome recombination, crossing-over and segregation in meiosis (Albertini, 1992a,b;Albertini et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Spindlin homolog in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

Wang

Sun

Mei

et al. 2005

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Spindlin homolog in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

Wang

Sun

Mei

et al. 2005

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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“…In the mouse, the role of oocyte polarity in subsequent embryonic cleavage is still not fully resolved. [18] However, if this asymmetry represents polarisation, it suggests that the use of Raman spectroscopy could provide further insight in this matter. In particular, the application of Raman imaging would enable temporal investigations of polarity and embryo cleavage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing biochemical composition and organisation of the murine oocyte and early embryo as revealed by Raman spectroscopic mapping

Davidson

Spears

Murray

et al. 2011

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Despite an exponential uptake in recent years of assisted reproductive techniques, such as in vitro fertilisation, much is still not fully understood about the biochemical modifications that take place during the development and maturation of the egg and embryo. As such, in order to improve the efficiency of these techniques, furthering our understanding of the processes that underpin oocyte and embryo development is necessary. Raman spectroscopic mapping as a technique enables the investigation of biochemical variation within intact cells without the need for labelling. Here, Raman maps of fixed immature and mature oocytes along with early stage embryos were collected using 785 nm excitation and a step size of 2 µm. The results were analysed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. It was found that significant macromolecular accumulation took place during oocyte maturation, while a decrease in total lipid content consistent with the formation of new cellular membranes is observed upon embryo cleavage. Furthermore, an observed asymmetrical localisation of macromolecules in the mature oocyte may indicate the existence of cytoplasmic polarisation, a phenomenon that has been observed in the eggs of lower organisms. As such, these results indicate that Raman spectroscopic mapping may present an alternative analytical tool for investigating the biochemistry of egg and embryo development. In particular, these results indicate that temporal Raman analysis may help to reveal the existence of cytoplasmic polarisation in the murine egg.

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“…40 The more cells the embryo has prior to blastomere isolation, the less likely it is to con-tinue development. 1,2,41,42 As an embryo progresses in cleavage, it is able to survive with the removal of more and more cells. These data are further evidence of a degree of polarized development.…”

Section: E • Centromeresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oocyte and Embryo Polarity

Scott

2000

Semin Reprod Med

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The development of all low-order animals and noneutherian mammals follows an organized, polarized directional course from fertilization through fetal development. New evidence points to a fundamental polarization during all steps of mammalian development, from the early oocyte through fertilization and gastrulation. The generator of this polarization is primarily at the genetic level, with the results of gene expression and checkpoints being manifested in phenotype. Although cell-cell interactions reinforce the polarization of the embryo, they are not the underlying means of establishing axes in eutherian embryos. The ability of mammalian cells to remain totipotent is only partial, with little evidence that isolated blastomeres can result in full fetal development. The isolated blastomere can, however, contribute to development if reintroduced into a polarized environment. Polarization begins in the unovulated oocyte and is reinforced at fertilization. The axes and polarization established at fertilization endure through to the blastocyst stage and define the axes during gastrulation and fetal development.

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Scrambled or bisected mouse eggs and the basis of patterning in mammals

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Identification of a Spindlin homolog in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

Identification of a Spindlin homolog in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

The changing biochemical composition and organisation of the murine oocyte and early embryo as revealed by Raman spectroscopic mapping

Oocyte and Embryo Polarity

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