Two‐dimensional metal organic frameworks for biomedical applications

Abstract

Two‐dimensional (2D) metal organic frameworks (MOFs), are an emerging class of layered nanomaterials with well‐defined structure and modular composition. The unique pore structure, high flexibility, tunability, and ability to introduce desired functionality within the structural framework, have led to potential use of MOFs in biomedical applications. This article critically reviews the application of 2D MOFs for therapeutic delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and biosensing. Further, discussion on the challenges and strategies in next generation of 2D MOFs are also included. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology

Antibacterial and Antiviral Functional Materials: Chemistry and Biological Activity toward Tackling COVID-19-like Pandemics

“…As prevention is a fundamental concept to combat or reduce the infections due to infected surfaces, there is an increasing need for identifying materials which possess antimicrobial/antiviral functionalities to minimize the spread of infections. Recent reports have summarized the design of engineered surfaces by forming self-assembled monolayers for the detection and prevention against SARS-COV-2. , Advanced development in the area of nanobiotechnology has led to the development of a variety of materials that have potential as antibacterial agents and biomedical catalysts. − Nanotechnology advancements have enabled researchers to control the physicochemical characteristics of metallic nanomaterials to develop suitable nontoxic antimicrobial drugs, which shows high potentiality in the medicine field. − In the ongoing pandemic, antimicrobial metal NPs could be one of the effective solutions to address this issue. These NPs are active antibacterial agents due to their large active surface area which allows them to easily penetrate biofilms.…”

Recent Advances in the Application of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

“…This type of materials has attracted tremendous interest because of their high surface area, porosity, tunable composition and structures, and modifiable surface properties. − To date, various forms of MOFs with a specific size, shape, and composition have been successfully prepared and studied for specific applications. Compared with their 3D counterpart, 2D MOF nanosheets have several advantages, such as high purity, ultrathin layer thickness, well refined surface area, abundant exposed unsaturated metal sites, and adjustable chemical composition . The ultrahigh porosity and regular pore properties of 2D MOF nanosheets make them ideal candidates for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. , Moreover, their amphiphilic internal structure with the ability to strongly adsorb biological agents is highly desired for drug delivery applications. , …”

Advances in 2D coordination networks for single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal applications beyond confined pores

“…Furthermore, recent publications on single crystals consisting of 2D frameworks demonstrate that dynamic and structural transformation occurs via modulation of interlayer interactions in single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) mode 34–38 . Research on the interlayer tuning is broadening the scope of specific functions such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐sensitized solar cells, magnetism‐modulation, color changing media, optics, photoluminescent solar concentrators, guest‐conformational change, guest‐preorganization, chiral separation, scavengers, and biomedical molecular systems via electronic, mechanical, and vibrational properties 39–52 . Thus, systematic fine‐tuning of interlayer interaction in SCSC fashion remains a challenging issue.…”