Styrene‐butadiene‐styrene‐based shape memory polymers: Evolution and the current state of art

Abstract

Styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) block copolymers comprise of two phases structured domains involving polystyrene "hard" domains and butadiene "soft" domains.The styreneic domains provide a physical crosslink that enables SBS to behave like a highly flexible thermoplastic elastomer. Recently, with the rise of smart elastomers, SBS-based matrices are being extensively used in transforming them into elastomers that can exhibit shape change when excited with a range of stimuli (shape memory elastomers). With the advantages of long-range elasticity, reprocessability, and ability to be modified into various tailor-made shape morphing elastomers, the use SBSbased elastomers has exceptionally risen in the scope of deployable structures temperature sensors, snap fittings, and actuators. This review attempts to tether the recent development in SBS-based shape memory polymers along with highlighting the fabrication routes and the shape memory mechanistic pathway. The review introduces the concept of shape memory polymers, classification, and their characterization, followed by shape memory elastomers and finally one way/two-way SBS-based shape memory elastomers. In an attempt to blend both the scientific and the engineering realm, the narrative provides a concise overview of SBS-based shape morphing polymers' expanding boundaries.

Thermoresponsive Shape Memory Behavior of an Acylated Nanofibrillar Cellulose-Reinforced Thermoplastic Elastomer Composite

“…51 This phenomenon allowed us to change the behavior from a traditionally cross-linked rubbery material to one where the cross-links are at most temporary state. 52 The cyclic thermo-mechanical analysis was used to evaluate the torsional shape memory behavior of mS and mS/a x NC composites at various acylation levels of NC, and the results are displayed in Figure 7. The experiment was conducted with a low level of torsional stress, precisely 0.25 MPa, due to the observed failure of the sample when subjected to higher stress levels (>0.5 MPa) within this temperature window.…”

Industrially applied and relevant transformations of 1,3-butadiene using homogeneous catalysts

“…21,22 Meanwhile, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is the most common material for making of automobile tires. [23][24][25] The powerful properties of these rubber polymers bring tires with performance-enhancing components in terms of rolling resistance and traction. With the rapid development of the electronic industry, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) has become the largest engineering thermoplastic resin, widely used in mobile phones, household appliances, computers, and office products.…”

“…26,27 Simultaneously, numerous chemicals produced from 1,3-butadiene are also widely used to manufacture paper coatings, turf, carpets, gloves, wetsuits, toys and other consumer products. Considering there are already various reviews/books on industrial polymers based on 1,3-butadiene for readers to refer, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] this review will not duplicate this section but center at industrial transformation examples and some promising progress in recent research to produce other bulk chemicals. Particularly, we will focus on the development of catalytic systems achieving transformations of 1,3-BD towards functionalized products with high atom economy and avoiding environmental pollution.…”

“…26,27 Simultaneously, numerous chemicals produced from 1,3-butadiene are also widely used to manufacture paper coatings, turf, carpets, gloves, wetsuits, toys and other consumer products. Considering that there are already various reviews/books on industrial polymers based on 1,3-butadiene for readers to refer to, 21–27 this review will not duplicate this section but center on industrial transformation examples and some promising progress in recent research to produce other bulk chemicals. In particular, we will focus on the development of catalytic systems achieving transformations of 1,3-BD towards functionalized products with high atom economy and avoiding environmental pollution.…”

Styrene–butadiene–styrene-based stretchable electrospun nanofibers by carbon nanotube inclusion

“…17 Furthermore, the actual use of SBS-based elastomers has significantly increased in deployable structures, temperature sensors, snap fittings, and actuators. 18 Organic composite nanofibers have attracted more and more attention for resistive sensor applications as alternatives to metal oxide nanofibers due to their potential low cost, large scale, light weight, mechanical flexibility, conjugated backbones, ease of use, and tunable electrical conductivity. 19,20 In terms of production, specific polymer types, that is, electrospinnable polymers and polymer blends and solution and processing parameters, significantly affect the fiber morphology.…”