<scp>NKT</scp> cells — New players in <scp>CAR</scp> cell immunotherapy?

Kriegsmann, Katharina; Kriegsmann, Mark; Bergwelt‐Baildon, Michael von; Cremer, Martin; Witzens‐Harig, Mathias

doi:10.1111/ejh.13170

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…Type I NKT cells have been implicated in antitumor immunity by direct or indirect ways (Godfrey et al, 2018). Notably, chimeric antigen receptor expressing NKT (CAR-NKT) cells and α-Galcer-type I NKT cell-based immunotherapy are being explored (Kriegsmann et al, 2018; Pyaram and Yadav, 2018). During the autoimmune response, certain “self” lipid antigens are presented by antigen presenting cells, which then activate NKT cells to promote inflammatory cytokine production, and aggravate the disease (Wu and Van Kaer, 2009).…”

Section: Nkt Cell Classification and Effector Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NKT Cells in Neurological Diseases

Cui

Wan

2019

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes with the expression of T cell receptor (TCR) and NK cell lineage receptors. These cells can rapidly release large quantities of cytokines and function as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. To date, multiple reports have investigated the role of NKT cells under various pathological conditions, such as cancer, autoimmune disease, and infection. Knowledge about NKT cells in neurological diseases is increasing, albeit limited. Here, we review evidence for the involvement of NKT cells in neurological diseases, and discuss immunotherapeutic potential and future study goals. As the development and function of NKT cells become increasingly well understood, the next few years should yield many new insights into NKT cell function, and mechanistic regulation in neurological disorders.

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Section: Nkt Cell Classification and Effector Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NKT Cells in Neurological Diseases

Cui

Wan

2019

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…Of these, the NKT cell subset seems particularly interesting, as they show typical NK cell features while expressing the αβ-TCR to detect antigens displayed by CD1d, a monomorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-like molecule, thereby potentially enabling allogeneic CAR-NKT cell therapies. 15 However, in this review, we focus on the comparison of (CAR-)NK and (CAR-)T cells as being the major players in CAR-cell therapies at the moment.…”

Section: Insights Into Nk and T Cells -Abundance And Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy with NK cells: recent developments in gene modification open up new avenues

et al. 2020

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have achieved remarkable success. However, application-related toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity, moved natural killer (NK) cells into focus as novel players in immunotherapy. CAR-NK cells provide an advantageous dual killingcapacity by CAR-dependent and-independent mechanisms and induce few side effects. While the majority of trials still use CART cells, CAR-NK cell trials are on the rise with 19 ongoing studies worldwide. This review illuminates the current state of research and clinical application of CAR-NK cells, as well as future developmental potential.

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“…The first pathway is to generate the universal, ‘off-the-shelf’ CAR [ 147 ], which includes CAR-T cells with MHC, TCR deletion, or antigen-targeting domain split [ 148 ]. The second pathway has been focused on NK cells [ 63 , 149 , 150 ], NKT [ 151 ], and γδT cells [ 71 ]. Clearly, due to the high cost of CAR therapy, it is imperative to develop surrogate tools to predict the efficacy and toxicity of CAR products.…”

Section: Current Challenges In Car-modified Immune Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Immunological Synapse in Predicting the Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Immunotherapy

et al. 2020

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Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) immunotherapy utilizes genetically-engineered immune cells that express a unique cell surface receptor that combines tumor antigen specificity with immune cell activation. In recent clinical trials, the adoptive transfer of CAR-modified immune cells (including CART and CAR-NK cells) into patients has been remarkably successful in treating multiple refractory blood cancers. To improve safety and efficacy, and expand potential applicability to other cancer types, CARs with different target specificities and sequence modifications are being developed and tested by many laboratories. Despite the overall progress in CAR immunotherapy, conventional tools to design and evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAR immunotherapies can be inaccurate, time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive. Furthermore, existing tools cannot always determine how responsive individual patients will be to a particular CAR immunotherapy. Recent work in our laboratory suggests that the quality of the immunological synapse (IS) can accurately predict CAR-modified cell efficacy (and toxicity) that can correlate with clinical outcomes. Here we review current efforts to develop a Synapse Predicts Efficacy (SPE) system for easy, rapid and cost-effective evaluation of CAR-modified immune cell immunotherapy. Ultimately, we hypothesize the conceptual basis and clinical application of SPE will serve as an important parameter in evaluating CAR immunotherapy and significantly advance precision cancer immunotherapy.

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NKT cells — New players in CAR cell immunotherapy?

Cited by 40 publications

References 77 publications

NKT Cells in Neurological Diseases

NKT Cells in Neurological Diseases

Immunotherapy with NK cells: recent developments in gene modification open up new avenues

The Role of Immunological Synapse in Predicting the Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Immunotherapy

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