<scp>ESE1</scp>/<scp>AGR2</scp> axis antagonizes <scp>TGF</scp>‐β‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in low‐grade pancreatic cancer

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has attracted attention as a tumor suppressor because of its potent growth-suppressive effect on epithelial cells. Dysregulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway is considered to be one of the key factors in carcinogenesis, and genetic alterations affecting TGF-β signaling are extraordinarily common in cancers of the gastrointestinal system, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer and pancreatic cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that TGF-β is produced from various types of cells in the tumor microenvironment and mediates extracellular matrix deposition, tumor angiogenesis, the formation of CAFs, and suppression of the anti-tumor immune reaction. It is also being considered as a factor that promotes the malignant transformation of cancer, particularly the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, elucidating the role of TGF-β signaling in carcinogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis will provide novel basic insight for diagnosis and prognosis and the development of new molecularly targeted therapies for gastrointestinal cancers. In this review, we outline an overview of the complex mechanisms and functions of TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potentials of targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway for gastrointestinal cancer treatment and discuss the remaining challenges and future perspectives on targeting this pathway.

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ESE1/AGR2 axis antagonizes TGF‐β‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in low‐grade pancreatic cancer

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

ESE1/AGR2 axis antagonizes TGF‐β‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in low‐grade pancreatic cancer

ESE1/AGR2 axis antagonizes TGF‐β‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in low‐grade pancreatic cancer

Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratios are related to mortality in patients with secondary malignant neoplasm of bone and bone marrow

The Role of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway in Gastrointestinal Cancers

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