CYP77A19 and CYP77A20 characterized from Solanum tuberosum oxidize fatty acids in vitro and partially restore the wild phenotype in an Arabidopsis thaliana cutin mutant

Abstract

Cutin and suberin represent lipophilic polymers forming plant/environment interfaces in leaves and roots. Despite recent progress in Arabidopsis, there is still a lack on information concerning cutin and suberin synthesis, especially in crops. Based on sequence homology, we isolated two cDNA clones of new cytochrome P450s, CYP77A19 and CYP77A20 from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum). Both enzymes hydroxylated lauric acid (C12:0) on position ω-1 to ω-5. They oxidized fatty acids with chain length ranging from C12 to C18 and catalysed hydroxylation of 16-hydroxypalmitic acid leading to dihydroxypalmitic (DHP) acids, the major C16 cutin and suberin monomers. CYP77A19 also produced epoxides from linoleic acid (C18:2). Exploration of expression pattern in potato by RT-qPCR revealed the presence of transcripts in all tissues tested with the highest expression in the seed compared with leaves. Water stress enhanced their expression level in roots but not in leaves. Application of methyl jasmonate specifically induced CYP77A19 expression. Expression of either gene in the Arabidopsis null mutant cyp77a6-1 defective in flower cutin restored petal cuticular impermeability. Nanoridges were also observed in CYP77A20-expressing lines. However, only very low levels of the major flower cutin monomer 10,16-dihydroxypalmitate and no C18 epoxy monomers were found in the cutin of the complemented lines.

Modification of olefinic double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids and other vegetable oil derivatives via epoxidation: A review

“…A recent publication of enzymatic-mediated epoxidation was reported by Grausem et al (2014). They reported on the epoxidation of linoleic acid (C18:2) by CYP77A19, one of the two cDNA clones of new cytochrome P450s from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum).…”

Stress memory induced rearrangements of HSP transcription, photosystem II photochemistry and metabolism of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in response to high-temperature stress

“…Interestingly, the octadecadienoic acid content increased in non-acclimation PI 574522. C 16 , C 18 , and C 20 fatty acids are key in plant cell membrane in response to biotic and abiotic stresses (Di Pasqua et al, 2006; Grausem et al, 2014). C 16 and C 18 fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and octadecan acid changed in non-acclimation PI 512315 and PI 574522, which may reflect their cell membrane injure under high-temperature stress.…”

The cytochrome P450 superfamily: Key players in plant development and defense

“…CYP73A15 encodes a class II cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, and silencing of this gene leads to delayed and reduced production of lignin in tobacco (Blee et al 2001). CYP77A19 and CYP77A20 from potato tubers take part in the synthesis of cutin and suberin monomers (Grausem et al 2014). AtCYP86A2 not only represses the expression of Pseudomonas syringae type III genes, but it also plays a major role in the biosynthesis of the cuticle (Xiao et al 2004).…”