Scour and fill in sand-bed streams

Colby, Bruce R.

doi:10.3133/pp462d

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Most studies, however, are limited to a small number of measurements at isolated cross sections or channel locations rather than extensive lengths of channel. The results therefore are difficult to interpret in the context of wider channel behavior [Colby, 1964]. It is generally not known, for example, whether observed changes in bed elevations are representative of either the local cross section or more extensive lengths of channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Data from large rivers in the drylands of the southwestern United States suggested that graded streambeds are lowered by scour and raised by deposition to approximately their former position on the rising and falling limbs of the hydrograph respectively [Leopold and Maddock, 1953]. However, it was also recognized that scour and fill may alternate several times during a flow with different areas of the bed affected at different times [Culbertson and Dawdy, 1964] and that the maximum scour depth need not coincide with the peak discharge [Colby, 1964].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial patterns of scour and fill in dryland sand bed streams

Powell

Brazier

Wainwright

et al. 2006

Water Resources Research

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[1] Spatial patterns of scour and fill in two dryland ephemeral stream channels with sandy bed material have been measured with dense arrays of scour chains. Although the depth and areal extent of bed activity increased with discharge, active bed reworking at particular locations within the reaches resulted in downstream patterns of alternate shallower and deeper areas of scour. The variation was such that mean scour depths for individual cross sections varied about the mean for the reach by a factor of 2-4 while the locus of maximum scour traced a sinuous path about the channel centerline. The wavelength of the pattern of scour was about seven times the channel width. During each event, compensating fill returned the streambeds to preflow elevations, indicating that the streams were in approximate steady state over the period of study. Although the patterns of periodically enhanced scour along alternate sides of the channels are consistent with models of periodically reversing helical flow, further work is required to identify the causal relationships between patterns of flow and sediment transport in dryland sand bed channels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of scour and fill in dryland sand bed streams

Powell

Brazier

Wainwright

et al. 2006

Water Resources Research

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“…The traditional scour chains that were used by Colby (1964) are still in use (Liébault and Laronne, 2008). Scour chains provide "at-a-point" data extrapolated to an entire channel reach, assuming spatial continuity of scour and fill (Haschenburger, 1999;Powell et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Scour Envelope Curve (SEC), Negev Desert, Israel

Lekach¹,

Amit²,

Grodek³

2008

Israel Journal of Earth Sciences

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Lekach, J., Amit, R., and Grodek, T. 2008. Scour Envelope Curve (SEC), Negev Desert, Israel. Isr. J. Earth Sci. 57: 189-197.An upper limit for long-term scour in ephemeral streams has not been studied, although it is necessary to know it for flow regime determination, paleohydrology, and sediment budget evaluations. The available data on scour derive from short investigations lasting a few decades at most, but these are not representative of long-term processes, which are crucial for the understanding of alluvial geomorphic, pedologic, and hydrologic conditions in arid regions. A new investigation in several desert streams in the Negev Desert of Israel found a distinctive unit characterized by pedogenic features beneath the active channel bed. This unit, which has some initial attributes of a desert soil, such as horizonation, calcium carbonate deposition, iron oxide release, and accumulation of fine-grained material, has been termed a Fluvio-Pedogenic-Unit (FPU) due to its formation under stable conditions by water of fluvial origin.The long time-period needed for the FPU formation suggests stable and limited depth of the active alluvial layer and, therefore, a long-term steady-state sediment budget within a given watershed and, hence, the existence of an upper limit to scour and an indication for a period of a steady hydrological regime. The FPU, easily recognized in comparison to the laborious traditional methods, facilitates data collection of the depth and spatial distribution of maximum scour in streams of various catchment sizes.Comparing the FPU depth with measured and paleo-flood peak discharges for several watersheds in the Negev indicates a maximum scour of 0.5 m for the small catchments (Nahal Yael, 0.5 km 2 ), and a scour not exceeding 1.3 m in the largest catchment (Nahal Zin, 1205 km 2 ). The concept of envelope curves for maximum measured discharges has been adapted for maximum scour evaluations and a Scour Envelope Curve (SEC) is suggested. Using the SEC with the Regional Envelope Curve (REC) supplies a more complete understanding of maximum possible discharges and the maximum possible scour that can occur in ungauged watersheds in the arid Negev.

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“…Consequently, sediment transfers can be measured indirectly by methods such as scour chains (Colby 1964, Leopold et al 1964, Carling, 1987, Hassan, 1990, Larrone et al 1994, tagged sediment tracers (Butler 1977, Chacho et al 1988, Hassan, 1990, Sobocinsky et al 1990, Gitnz et al 1996, Gottesfeld 1998 and morphological methods, which are discussed in the following section.…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of floods and sockeye salmon on streambed morphology.

Poirier¹

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Scour and fill in sand-bed streams

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Spatial patterns of scour and fill in dryland sand bed streams

Spatial patterns of scour and fill in dryland sand bed streams

Scour Envelope Curve (SEC), Negev Desert, Israel

The effects of floods and sockeye salmon on streambed morphology.

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