Scotland as an Independent Small State: Where would it seek shelter?

Bailes, Alyson J. K.; Þórhallsson, Baldur; Johnstone, Rachael Lorna

doi:10.13177/irpa.a.2013.9.1.1

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The subsequent efforts to put a peace process in place might be understood in a global context of devolutionist city-regions (Brenner 2014: 15;Calzada 2011a) or small nations redefining their relationship to bigger states and the EU. Similar examples could be found in Scotland (Bailes et al 2013), Catalonia, Oresund (Calzada 2013a, and even Iceland itself. Iceland did apply for membership in 2009 but then suspended its application until a referendum is called.…”

Section: The Basque-icelandic Connectionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Demos-Ethos: a framework to study the Icelandic and Basque cases through Critical Social Innovation and Applied Ethics

Rocha

Calzada

2015

Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research

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This paper presents a framework informed by two disciplines, Social Innovation and Applied Ethics, to be used in an on-going analysis of territorial democratic systems. The time frame chosen for the case studies is the period before and after the 2008 global crisis. In Iceland the crisis had an economic and political aspect affecting the self-understanding of the territory as a whole. In the Basque Country it also deals with the current peace process to settle down political violence and its causes. In both cases there are deep underlying value issues, but this paper introduces the results obtained in Iceland. While its democratic system has proven to be able to contest the causes of the crisis, there is no definitive evidence that the re-examination process that was opened on 6th October 2008 is resolved yet.

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Section: The Basque-icelandic Connectionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Demos-Ethos: a framework to study the Icelandic and Basque cases through Critical Social Innovation and Applied Ethics

Rocha

Calzada

2015

Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research

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“…Moreover, their three key characteristics of peripheries which distinguish them from the centre (distance, difference and dependence) place Icelandic-Danish relations in a new light. Furthermore, shelter theory has, for instance, been used to analyze the shelter options available to Scotland and the costs and benefits of staying in a union with the UK or becoming independent (Bailes, Thorhallsson & Johnstone 2013). As the current study and previous studies show, Iceland sought shelter in non-Danish actors against the wishes of Denmark.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Iceland’s External Affairs from the Napoleonic Era to the occupation of Denmark: Danish and British Shelter

Þórhallsson¹,

Joensen²

2015

irpa

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This paper argues that Iceland enjoyed essential shelter, for its development and prosperity, provided by Denmark and Britain. Societal relations with Copenhagen were of fundamental importance in the preservation and evolution of Icelandic identity and culture, providing the foundation of the modern society and leading to the establishment of the Icelandic state. Danish financial backups created the basis for the island’s economic prosperity in the 20th century. Moreover, Denmark provided partial political shelter in terms of significant diplomatic support in guaranteeing trade agreements with other states. Also, Denmark led by example and Iceland followed its foreign policy. On the other hand, Denmark failed to provide Iceland with protection of its land and waters and economic cover when it was in most need. Moreover, the economic cover it did provide was, at times, highly costly. Denmark had been downgraded to a small European power in the post-Napoleonic period. In practice, Britain was in control over the North Atlantic. It guaranteed Iceland’s neutrality and connection to the outside world and markets when the Danish authorities failed in these areas, as long as British interests were also served. Nor did British protection come without cost. Accordingly, this paper confirms the common claim of small-state studies that small states are at the mercy of their larger neighbours. Moreover, our findings indicate that Iceland’s growing autonomy did not affect its need for political, economic and societal cover.

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“…Idea tej kooperacji była szeroko obecna w Białej Księdze w sprawie niepodległości wydanej przez rząd Szkocji w 2013 r. -niepodległość pomogłaby Szkocji osiągnąć nordycki poziom równości i sukcesu. Ważną funkcję miała pełnić Rada Nordycka jako wzorzec dla nowych form kooperacji na obszarze Wysp Brytyjskich 43 , a ponadto jako mechanizm integracji w kierunku formalnej unii politycznej i społecznej z regionem nordyckim 44 . Współpraca miała wedle deklaracji wspierać proces budowy postępowego i sprawiedliwego społeczeństwa w Szkocji i jest postrzegana jako przedsięwzięcie socjaldemokratyczne, a nie element aktywności geopolitycznej.…”

Section: Wsparcie Rozwoju Społecznego W Oparciu O Wartości Lewicoweunclassified

Functions of European Integration from the Perspective of Sub-State Political Elites. At the Root of the Pro-European Consensus in Scotland

Czapiewski¹,

Szczeciński²

2020

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This article aims to explain the phenomena of incredibly broad consensus among the Scottish political elites around European integration. All relevant political forces (present in the 2016-2021 term in the Scottish Parliament) have unequivocally supported further membership. European integration and the EU are specifi cally defi ned in public debate to carry out certain functions from the perspective of the Scottish political elite. These interpretations in this text are divided into three categories, serving three basic functions: facilitation of the process of increasing the competences of Scottish institutions (through independence or decentralisation), support for social development based on left-wing values and strengthening the distinctiveness of Scotland's national identity. They were distinguished through in-depth analysis of scientifi c literature, documents of public institutions and political parties and statements of Scottish politicians. Author concludes that the distinction between the three basic functions of European integration from the perspective of the Scottish political elite is justifi ed, although it is not always possible to draw a precise line between them. It is also easy to see that there are interrelationships between the different elements of these functions.

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Scotland as an Independent Small State: Where would it seek shelter?

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Demos-Ethos: a framework to study the Icelandic and Basque cases through Critical Social Innovation and Applied Ethics

Demos-Ethos: a framework to study the Icelandic and Basque cases through Critical Social Innovation and Applied Ethics

Iceland’s External Affairs from the Napoleonic Era to the occupation of Denmark: Danish and British Shelter

Functions of European Integration from the Perspective of Sub-State Political Elites. At the Root of the Pro-European Consensus in Scotland

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