Scoring systems in trauma

Abstract

The wide variety of scoring instruments available to assess the injured patient may be divided into three groups: anatomical, physiological and combined systems. Anatomical systems depend on an accurate description of the injuries sustained. Physiological systems measure the effects of injury on the patient's physiological reserves. Combined systems contain elements of both anatomical and physiological scores. Prospectively, scoring systems help in description, triage, treatment decisions and estimating outcome. Retrospective scoring is helpful in audit, in quality control, in comparing treatment methods or centres, and in identifying unexpected outcomes. Limitations may be inherent in the system or may reflect inaccurate or incomplete data collection.

Predicting mortality, hospital length of stay and need for surgery in pediatric trauma patients

“…NISS is calculated by the sum of the square of AIS value of each patient's three most severe injuries despite the origin of injury. 17 RTS is based on Glasgow coma scale (GCS), systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate and it ranges from 0 to 7.8408 ( Table 1 ). 18 The formula of RTS is RTSx = 0.7326SBPx + 0.2908RRc + 0.9368GCSx.…”

CK/CK-MB ratio as an indirect predictor for survival in polytraumatized patients

“…Early estimation of the mortality risk of severely injured patients is mandatory [27] and relies on clinical diagnosis and scoring systems [15,19,21,31,35]. Evaluation of polytraumatized patient's status by using scoring systems is very important for selection of management, prophylaxis, and diagnosis of early complications [34].…”

The Utility of the Kampala Trauma Score as a Triage Tool in a Sub‐Saharan African Trauma Cohort

“…Many predictive scoring systems have been developed and used in high-income countries to aid with injury description, triage, and outcome prediction since the 1970s including the revised trauma score (RTS), injury severity score (ISS), and the trauma and ISS (TRISS) [9][10][11]. These scoring tools perform well in industrialized nations, but their calculation can be complex and can require diagnostic tools not available in resource-poor settings [12]. The Kampala trauma score ( K T S )w a sd e v e l o p e di n1 9 9 6i nU g a n d at oa d d r e s st h i s difficulty [13].…”