Score Reliability and Validity Evidence for the State-Interpersonal Reactivity Index: A Multidimensional Assessment of In-Session Counselor Empathy

Associations Between Specific Mindfulness Practices and In‐Session Relational Factors

“…Mindfulness has been associated with complex cognitive processes, such as sustained attention and metacognitive awareness (Lutz et al, 2015), as well as prosocial factors such as perspective taking (Johnson, 2018) and self‐compassion (Fulton, 2016). MHPs’ mindfulness has also been associated with the working alliance (Johnson, 2018; Johnson & Karcher, 2019; Ryan et al, 2012; Schomaker & Ricard, 2015) and empathy (Greason & Cashwell, 2009; Johnson & Karcher, 2019; Johnson et al, 2021).…”

“…Mindfulness may be an individual MHP characteristic associated with forming stronger working alliances (Hicks, 2010). The working alliance is related to MHPs’ trait mindfulness (Greason & Welfare, 2013; Ryan et al, 2012) and in‐session mindfulness (Johnson, 2018; Johnson et al, 2021). MHPs’ mindfulness practice is also positively associated with the working alliance (Greason & Welfare, 2013; Johnson et al, 2019; Schomaker & Ricard, 2015).…”

“…When differentiating the facets of empathy, trait mindfulness in MHPs has been associated with trait perspective taking but not trait empathic concern (Fulton, 2016; Johnson, 2018). However, MHPs’ in‐session mindfulness has been associated with in‐session empathic concern and perspective taking (Johnson et al, 2021). MHPs’ trait and in‐session personal distress have been negatively associated with both trait and in‐session mindfulness (Johnson et al, 2021).…”

“…However, MHPs’ in‐session mindfulness has been associated with in‐session empathic concern and perspective taking (Johnson et al, 2021). MHPs’ trait and in‐session personal distress have been negatively associated with both trait and in‐session mindfulness (Johnson et al, 2021).…”

“…Interest in mindfulness and meditation practices for mental health professionals (MHPs) has grown as researchers continue to show that MHPs’ mindfulness is associated with strong therapeutic relationships (Johnson, 2018; Johnson et al, 2021; Schomaker & Ricard, 2015). Researchers have demonstrated that specific mindfulness and meditation practices have different effects on specific cognitive, emotional, and prosocial outcomes among community and college samples (Sauer‐Zavala et al, 2013; Trautwein et al, 2020).…”