Scoliosis circa 2000: radiologic imaging perspective

Abstract

Plain film imaging remains important for the diagnosis and surveillance of scoliosis, as well as for the detection of complications after surgery. Advances in CT and MR imaging have greatly improved the ability to detect or confirming non-idiopathic causes of scoliosis, including abnormalities within the spinal canal. Three-dimensional thinking has become more important in evaluating and understanding scoliosis.

Association between Common Variants near LBX1 and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Replicated in the Chinese Han Population

“…Based on the age of the patient at the time of his or her first diagnosis of scoliosis, idiopathic scoliosis can be subdivided into three groups: infantile, before three years of age; juvenile, between three and ten years of age; and adolescent, between age ten and skeletal maturity [37], [39]. In our study, all patients provided detailed histories, accepted physical examinations, underwent standard up-standing posteroanterior radiography of the whole spine, and other testing (if necessary), such as MRI, CT, and nuclear scintigraphy etc [37], [40]). All patients were ascertained for diagnosis of AIS at the age of 10–16 years by at least two spinal surgeons.…”

Superior lumbar hernia of Grynfellt

“…4 About 10% of cases of structural scoliosis are due to congenital intervertebral or vertebral body abnormalities that cause imbalance in longitudinal growth of the trunk. 3 Congenital scoliosis is more common in girls than in boys, occurring in the ratio of 2.5:1. Curves occur to left and the right with equal frequency.…”

“…2 Increasingly severe scoliosis may also develop when an asymmetric block vertebra, a wedge vertebra or one or more lateral hemivertebra is present. 3 Thoracolumbar curves tend to have worst prognosis and the greatest progression followed by lower thoracic curves and upper thoracic curves.…”

“…2 Given the increasing survival of high risk neonates in the surfactant era the frequency of diagnosis of congenital scoliosis in the neonatal period ( fig 1) is expected to rise in view of their frequent exposure to radiological imaging-a modality that has influenced the care of scoliosis for over 100 years. 3 As practising neonatologists we recently faced a neonate of 26 weeks' gestation with respiratory distress where congenital scoliosis and a hemivertebra was diagnosed soon after birth on a routine chest radiograph. Repeated queries by the father-a devoted rugby player-about the baby's future ability to play contact sports, need for surgery, and risk of cosmetic deformity ultimately led to an orthopaedic consultation where the need for further follow up was emphasised.…”

Changes in Scoliosis Patient and Parental Assessment of Mental Health in the Course of Cheneau Brace Treatment Based on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

“…The thoracic apical translation is defined as the distance in centimeters between the center of the thoracic apical vertebra and the center central sacral vertical line (CSVL). Another clinical measure of spinal deformity is angle of trunk rotation, determined with a scoliometer (Lonstein 1994; Oestreich et al 1998; Reamy and Slakey 2001; Trobisch et al 2010). …”