Scm3 Is Essential to Recruit the Histone H3 Variant Cse4 to Centromeres and to Maintain a Functional Kinetochore

Camahort, Raymond; Li, Bing; Florens, Laurence; Swanson, Selene K.; Washburn, Michael P.; Gerton, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.05.013

Cited by 225 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…With a single centromeric nucleosome, one way budding yeast could establish CEN identity each cell division would be to prevent canonical H3 from being deposited at CENs. Aside from one discrepancy (20), recent data have shown that canonical H3 is capable of assembling into a nucleosome over the CEN-determining elements (21,22), an observation that we have also made (S.F. and S.B., unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Centromere identity is specified by a single centromeric nucleosome in budding yeast

Furuyama

Biggins

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

239

216

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Chromosome segregation ensures that DNA is equally divided between daughter cells during each round of cell division. The centromere (CEN) is the specific locus on each chromosome that directs formation of the kinetochore, the multiprotein complex that interacts with the spindle microtubules to promote proper chromosomal alignment and segregation during mitosis. CENs are organized into a specialized chromatin structure due to the incorporation of an essential CEN-specific histone H3 variant ( CenH3 ͉ chromatin ͉ kinetochore C hromosome segregation is directed by the multiprotein kinetochore (KT) complex that assembles on centromeres (CENs) and interacts with the spindle apparatus to control chromosome movement during cell division (for reviews, see refs. 1 and 2). Although KT function is conserved, phylogenetic analysis of centromeric DNA reveals no common sequence element that would identify a CEN across species. Like all other parts of the genome, the DNA of CENs is organized into chromatin, a higher order structure in which DNA is wrapped around histones to generate nucleosomes. Typical octameric nucleosomes contain two molecules of each of four histones, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, whereas centromeric nucleosomes are structurally distinct, containing an evolutionarily conserved CEN-specific histone H3 variant (CenH3) in place of canonical H3 (for review, see ref.3). The conservation of CenH3 across eukaryotes and its strict CEN localization in all species suggest that it is the epigenetic CEN identifier. Consistent with this finding, overexpression of the Drosophila CenH3 leads to its localization in euchromatin and the formation of ectopic KTs, resulting in subsequent defects in genomic stability (4).Despite the requirement for CenH3 in CEN specification, it is unclear how CenH3 nucleosomes structurally organize centromeric DNA to promote KT formation. In humans, CenH3 associates with centromeric ␣ satellite repeats (5), resulting in megabase expanses of centromeric nucleosomes. These centromeric nucleosomes drive the assembly of the KT structure that interacts with multiple microtubules. However, the number of CenH3 nucleosomes far exceeds the number of microtubules associated with a CEN, making the minimal number and arrangement of CenH3 nucleosomes necessary to assemble a single functional KT unclear. In flies and humans, blocks of CenH3 nucleosomes are interspersed with blocks of H3 nucleosomes (6), suggesting that higher order folding of the centromeric

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…28 and 29). Yet, DNA sequence alone seems insufficient to ensure proper Cse4 localization because distinct KT proteins are essential for Cse4 localization (22,30,31). Consistent with this, KT proteins are also required for CenH3 localization in multicellular eukaryotes (32)(33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Centromere identity is specified by a single centromeric nucleosome in budding yeast

Furuyama

Biggins

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

239

216

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“…It is distantly related to the yeast centromeric protein Scm3 (Camahort et al 2007;Mizuguchi et al 2007;Stoler et al 2007;Sanchez-Pulido et al 2009). HJURP interacts directly with CENP-A and histone H4, localizes CENP-A to the centromere in a cell cycle-dependent manner, and enables the deposition of newly synthesized CENP-A into the centromeric nucleosome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of a CENP-A–histone H4 heterodimer in complex with chaperone HJURP

Hu¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

Genes Dev.

164

228

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In higher eukaryotes, the centromere is epigenetically specified by the histone H3 variant Centromere Protein-A (CENP-A). Deposition of CENP-A to the centromere requires histone chaperone HJURP (Holliday junction recognition protein). The crystal structure of an HJURP-CENP-A-histone H4 complex shows that HJURP binds a CENP-A-H4 heterodimer. The C-terminal b-sheet domain of HJURP caps the DNA-binding region of the histone heterodimer, preventing it from spontaneous association with DNA. Our analysis also revealed a novel site in CENP-A that distinguishes it from histone H3 in its ability to bind HJURP. These findings provide key information for specific recognition of CENP-A and mechanistic insights into the process of centromeric chromatin assembly.

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“…The human proteins hMis18 and M18BP1, recruited to centromere at telophase-G1, and RbAp46/RbAp48 may act to prime centromere for CENP-A localization (21). In S. cerivisiae and S. pombe, Scm3 (Suppressor of chromosome mis-segregation 3) protein was shown to specifically bind the CenH3-H4 complex and to be required for its assembly into the centromeric chromatin (22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HJURP binds CENP-A via a highly conserved N-terminal domain and mediates its deposition at centromeres

Shuaib

Ouararhni

Dimitrov

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

177

186

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The human histone H3 variant, CENP-A, replaces the conventional histone H3 in centromeric chromatin and, together with centromerespecific DNA-binding factors, directs the assembly of the kinetochore. We purified the prenucelosomal e-CENP-A complex. We found that HJURP, a member of the complex, was required for cell cycle specific targeting of CENP-A to centromeres. HJURP facilitated efficient deposition of CENP-A/H4 tetramers to naked DNA in vitro. Bacterially expressed HJURP binds at a stoichiometric ratio to the CENP-A/H4 tetramer but not to the H3/H4 tetramer. The binding occurred through a conserved HJURP short N-terminal domain, termed CBD. The novel characteristic identified in vertebrates that we named TLTY box of CBD, was essential for formation of the HJURP-CENP-A/H4 complex. Our data identified HJURP as a vertebrate CENP-A chaperone and dissected its mode of interactions with CENP-A.histone chaperone | histone variant

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Scm3 Is Essential to Recruit the Histone H3 Variant Cse4 to Centromeres and to Maintain a Functional Kinetochore

Cited by 225 publications

References 44 publications

Centromere identity is specified by a single centromeric nucleosome in budding yeast

Centromere identity is specified by a single centromeric nucleosome in budding yeast

Structure of a CENP-A–histone H4 heterodimer in complex with chaperone HJURP

HJURP binds CENP-A via a highly conserved N-terminal domain and mediates its deposition at centromeres

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