Scintillation detection using 3 mm &amp;#x00D7; 3 mm silicon photomultipliers

Burr, K.C.; Wang, Gin-Chung

doi:10.1109/nssmic.2007.4437179

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We also obtained a better coincidence time resolution of 1.06 ns than has been reported previously, i.e., 2.1 ns for SiPMs [12], 4.8 ns for SSPMs [13], and a handful of ns for APDs [8]- [11]. Recently, SiPMs with a sub-ns time resolution and 10 20% energy resolution were also reported [14], [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

An Investigation Into the Use of Geiger-Mode Solid-State Photomultipliers for Simultaneous PET and MRI Acquisition

Hong

Song

Ito

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photon detecting Geiger-mode solid-state devices are being actively researched and developed because, unlike photomultiplier tubes (PMT), they can be used in high-magnetic-field and radio-frequency environments, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. In addition, some Geiger-mode solid-state devices have higher photon detection efficiencies than PMTs and higher gains than avalanche photo-diodes (APD). We tested Geiger-mode solid-state photomultipliers (SSPM) inside a 3 T MRI to study the possibility of using them in combined PET/MRI scanners. Approximately 16% energy resolutions and 1.3 ns coincidence time resolutions with 22 Na and lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) were obtained for full-width at half maximum (FWHM) for T1, T2, and gradient echo T2 MRI pulse sequences with little MR image degradation. The study shows that SSPMs have excellent potential for use in combined PET/MRI scanners.Index Terms-MRI, multimodal imaging, PET, PET/MRI.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

An Investigation Into the Use of Geiger-Mode Solid-State Photomultipliers for Simultaneous PET and MRI Acquisition

Hong

Song

Ito

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have been performed using LSO:Ce and similar materials. Some of the best results reported are those from Göttlich et al (2008), which reached a CRT of 460 ps FWHM using two 3 mm × 3 mm × 15 mm lutetium fine silicate (LFS) crystals coupled to the same Hamamatsu SiPMs as the ones used here, those from Burr and Wang (2007), which obtained a CRT of 268 ps FWHM using two 3 mm × 3 mm × 10 mm LYSO:Ce crystals and prototypes of the same SiPMs as used in the present study and those from Kim et al (2009), which achieved a CRT of 240 ps FWHM using 3 mm × 3 mm × 10 mm LYSO:Ce crystals coupled to the same SiPMs as those used here.…”

Section: Timing Performancementioning

confidence: 77%

LaBr₃:Ce and SiPMs for time-of-flight PET: achieving 100 ps coincidence resolving time

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of time-of-flight (TOF) information in positron emission tomography (PET) enables significant improvement in image noise properties and, therefore, lesion detection. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are solid-state photosensors that have several advantages over photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). SiPMs are small, essentially transparent to 511 keV gamma rays and insensitive to magnetic fields. This enables novel detector designs aimed at e.g. compactness, high resolution, depth-of-interaction (DOI) correction and MRI compatibility. The goal of the present work is to study the timing performance of SiPMs in combination with LaBr 3 :Ce(5%), a relatively new scintillator with promising characteristics for TOF-PET. Measurements were performed with two, bare, 3 mm × 3 mm × 5 mm LaBr 3 :Ce(5%) crystals, each coupled to a 3 mm × 3 mm SiPM. Using a 22 Na point source placed at various positions in between the two detectors, a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of ∼100 ps FWHM for 511 keV annihilation photon pairs was achieved, corresponding to a TOF positioning resolution of ∼15 mm FWHM. At the same time, pulse height spectra with well-resolved full-energy peaks were obtained. To our knowledge this is the best CRT reported for SiPM-based scintillation detectors to date. It is concluded that SiPM-based scintillation detectors can provide timing resolutions at least as good as detectors based on PMTs.

show abstract

“…A consequence of the Geiger-mode operation of the APDs is that their individual signals do not carry any information about the intensity of the detected light. However, the massive parallel connection of these so-called microcells, their small dimensions, their dense packaging, and their short recovery times (20 ns to 150 ns [5], [6]) allow for a nearly proportional response if the light intensity is not too high, i.e., if the probability that more than one photon hits a single microcell within its recovery time is negligible [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Silicon Photomultiplier Signals

Seifert

Dam

Huizenga

et al. 2009

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-In a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), also referred to as multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), many Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GM-APDs) are connected in parallel so as to combine the photon counting capabilities of each of these so-called microcells into a proportional light sensor. The discharge of a single microcell is relatively well understood and electronic models exist to simulate this process. In this paper we introduce an extended model that is able to simulate the simultaneous discharge of multiple cells. This model is used to predict the SiPM signal in response to fast light pulses as a function of the number of fired cells, taking into account the influence of the input impedance of the SiPM preamplifier. The model predicts that the electronic signal is not proportional to the number of fired cells if the preamplifier input impedance is not zero. This effect becomes more important for SiPMs with lower parasitic capacitance (which otherwise is a favorable property). The model is validated by comparing its predictions to experimental data obtained with two different SiPMs (Hamamatsu S10362-11-25u and Hamamatsu S10362-33-25c) illuminated with ps laser pulses. The experimental results are in good agreement with the model predictions.

show abstract

Scintillation detection using 3 mm × 3 mm silicon photomultipliers

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

An Investigation Into the Use of Geiger-Mode Solid-State Photomultipliers for Simultaneous PET and MRI Acquisition

An Investigation Into the Use of Geiger-Mode Solid-State Photomultipliers for Simultaneous PET and MRI Acquisition

LaBr₃:Ce and SiPMs for time-of-flight PET: achieving 100 ps coincidence resolving time

Simulation of Silicon Photomultiplier Signals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Scintillation detection using 3 mm &#x00D7; 3 mm silicon photomultipliers

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

An Investigation Into the Use of Geiger-Mode Solid-State Photomultipliers for Simultaneous PET and MRI Acquisition

An Investigation Into the Use of Geiger-Mode Solid-State Photomultipliers for Simultaneous PET and MRI Acquisition

LaBr3:Ce and SiPMs for time-of-flight PET: achieving 100 ps coincidence resolving time

Simulation of Silicon Photomultiplier Signals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Scintillation detection using 3 mm × 3 mm silicon photomultipliers

LaBr₃:Ce and SiPMs for time-of-flight PET: achieving 100 ps coincidence resolving time