Scientists and Spirituality

Ecklund, Elaine Howard; Long, Elizabeth

doi:10.1093/socrel/srr003

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Despite persistent pressure from a materialists 16 , an increasing majority of people in the general population have a spiritual awareness of something beyond human existence, even if they are not religious 8 . Whereas nearly 75% of the academic elite in the USA reject transcendent phenomena, more than 85% of the general population accept them 16,17 . Interesting, the rejection of transcendent phenomena by academics is related to their social background rather than their intelligence and scientific expertise 17,18 .…”

Section: Why Is Spiritual Awareness Controversial?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas nearly 75% of the academic elite in the USA reject transcendent phenomena, more than 85% of the general population accept them 16,17 . Interesting, the rejection of transcendent phenomena by academics is related to their social background rather than their intelligence and scientific expertise 17,18 . Their reasons for lack of faith are often deeply personal and philosophical, such as wondering about the origin of evil in the world 19 .…”

Section: Why Is Spiritual Awareness Controversial?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of ternary awareness for overcoming the inadequacies of contemporary psychiatry

Cloninger¹

2013

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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Human beings have evolved in steps so that our consciousness has three major components -procedural learning of habits and skills, semantic learning of facts and propositions, and self-awareness of an identity that develops over time and place. Consequently, human consciousness involves growth in our subjective awareness integrating these three aspects of learning and memory. Contemporary psychiatry is substantially impaired by an anti-spiritual bias that is implicit in operational approaches to diagnosis, research, and treatment. Human subjectivity cannot be adequately deconstructed into a collection of mutually independent objects that are free of any psychosocial context, as is usually assumed in a "Chinese-menu" approach to diagnosis and structured interviewing. Materialistic perspectives predispose people to have an outlook of separateness that impairs the well-being of both mental health professionals and their patients. Progress in psychiatric diagnosis and treatment requires a person-centered approach that respects and appreciates human subjectivity and promotes the cultivation of human virtues like hope, love, and courage, along with judicious use of other psychobiological methods of treatment. Healthy functioning requires the development of self-transcendence in addition to self-directedness and cooperativeness. Without self-transcendence, people are consuming more resources than the earth can replenish. The pursuit of individual well-being in the absence of collective well-being is a self-destructive illusion. Consequently contemporary psychiatry needs to focus its attention on understanding human consciousness in a balanced ternary way rather than trying to reduce people to separate material objects.Cloninger CR / Rev Psiq Clín. 2013;40(3):110-3 Keywords: Ternary awareness, self-directedness, cooperativeness, self-transcendence, psychiatry. ResumoOs seres humanos evoluíram em etapas, de modo que nossa consciência desenvolveu três componentes centrais -aprendizagem processual de hábitos e habilidades, aprendizagem semântica de fatos e proposições e autoconsciência de uma identidade que se desenvolve ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Consequentemente, a consciência humana implica o crescimento de nossa subjetividade, integrando esses três aspectos da aprendizagem e da memória. A psiquiatria contemporânea é substancialmente comprometida por um viés antiespiritual que está implícito nas abordagens operacionais de diagnóstico, pesquisa e tratamento. A subjetividade humana não pode ser devidamente desconstruída em uma coleção de objetos independentes entre si, livres de qualquer contexto psicossocial, tal como a que é habitualmente assumida em uma abordagem do tipo "menu chinês" utilizada para o diagnóstico e entrevistas estruturadas. Perspectivas materialistas predispõem os indivíduos a assumirem uma visão de separação que compromete o bem-estar tanto dos profissionais de saúde mental quanto de seus pacientes. O progresso no diagnóstico psiquiátrico, bem como nas formas de tratamento, requer abord...

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Section: Why Is Spiritual Awareness Controversial?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Is Spiritual Awareness Controversial?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of ternary awareness for overcoming the inadequacies of contemporary psychiatry

Cloninger¹

2013

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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“…Au contraire, on y trouve souvent un environnementalisme très fort et, grosso modo, des attitudes assez progressistes par rapport au vivreensemble ethnoculturel et religieux, ainsi que par rapport à l'engagement social qui consiste à combattre les inégalités économiques, de genre, etc. (Ecklund et Long 2011 ;Laviolette 2012). Néanmoins, cet engagement est plus souvent le fait des individus que de la collectivité spirituelle.…”

Section: Religion Et Pluralismeunclassified

Introduction: New Perspectives on Religion and Integration

Meintel

Gélinas

2012

Diversité urbaine

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“…Ecklund and Long [16] found that spirituality varies across occupational groups based on their in-depth interviews with 275 social and natural scientists at 21 top research universities in the United States. The results indicate that spirituality may be linked to characteristics of particular identity statuses of individuals such as occupational groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Ecklund and Long [16], researchers who wish to build on their work should ask what specific group characteristic lead to which particular kind of spirituality? In this present study we posed the following research question: Would employees with different occupations differ in terms of their likelihood to experience spirituality at the workplace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace Spirituality and Occupation: A Study of Employees in Higher Education Institutions

Ahmad¹,

Omar²

2016

Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Humanities and Social Science

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Abstract. The aim of this paper is to examine workplace spirituality in terms of its dimensions, namely meaningful work, sense of community and allignment of values, among employees in private higher education institutions in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The differences among the spirituality dimensions according to occupation were explored. Data were collected from a sample of 102 employees using self-administered questionnaires. There were no significant mean differences in overall workplace spirituality scores for occupation. Of the three dimensions, meaningful work significantly differed by occupation. Academics reported significantly higher levels of meaningful work than did administrators. Post-hoc analysis of comparison between means for academic and administrator groups indicated a significant difference.

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Scientists and Spirituality

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

The importance of ternary awareness for overcoming the inadequacies of contemporary psychiatry

The importance of ternary awareness for overcoming the inadequacies of contemporary psychiatry

Introduction: New Perspectives on Religion and Integration

Workplace Spirituality and Occupation: A Study of Employees in Higher Education Institutions

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