Scientific response to intensifying bark beetle outbreaks in Europe and North America

Hlásny, Tomáš; Zimová, Soňa; Bentz, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119599

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…High temperatures paired with increasing soil moisture prolong the growing season in the high latitudes, which in turn amplifies the risk for windfall during storm season, bark beetle infections, and forest decline (Müller et al, 2008 ; Schelhaas et al, 2003 ; Venäläinen et al, 2022 ). Regional vegetation declined as a response to local climate change feedbacks, persistent drought periods, windthrow damage, and the subsequent impact of the massive spread of, for example, Ips typographus L. (Anderegg et al, 2013 ; Hlásny et al, 2021a , b ). Particularly, predominant Norway spruce stands ( Picea abies L. Karst) are prone to beetle outbreaks, due to their high vulnerability to drought periods, rising temperature, and increased storm occurrences under a globally changing climate of the boreal zones (Čada et al, 2016 ; Macek et al, 2017 ; Netherer et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced trends in spectral greening and climate anomalies across Europe

Kempf

2023

Environ Monit Assess

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Europe witnessed a strong increase in climate variability and enhanced climate-induced extreme events, such as hot drought periods, mega heat waves, and persistent flooding and flash floods. Intensified land degradation, land use, and landcover changes further amplified the pressure on the environmental system functionalities and fuelled climate change feedbacks. On the other hand, global satellite observations detected a positive spectral greening trend—most likely as a response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming. But which are the engines behind such shifts in surface reflectance patterns, vegetation response to global climate changes, or anomalies in the environmental control mechanisms? This article compares long-term environmental variables (1948–2021) to recent vegetation index data (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), 2001–2021) and presents regional trends in climate variability and vegetation response across Europe. Results show that positive trends in vegetation response, temperature, rainfall, and soil moisture are accompanied by a strong increase in climate anomalies over large parts of Europe. Vegetation dynamics are strongly coupled to increased temperature and enhanced soil moisture during winter and the early growing season in the northern latitudes. Simultaneously, temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture anomalies are strongly increasing. Such a strong amplification in climate variability across Europe further enhances the vulnerability of vegetation cover during extreme events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced trends in spectral greening and climate anomalies across Europe

Kempf

2023

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Despite declining in the region a few decades ago, its status is currently improving, probably independently of population genetic factors. Causes of the positive development may include abandonment of marginal lands (Ustaoglu & Collier, 2018) and the climate‐related decline of conifer plantations caused by pest outbreaks (Hlasny et al, 2021), opening vast stretches of once shady habitats. These developments are increasing the supply of vegetation suitable for this species (Ellis et al, 2019; Fartmann et al, 2013; Warren, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to high dispersal and high population numbers, A. adippe and the climate-related decline of conifer plantations caused by pest outbreaks (Hlasny et al, 2021), opening vast stretches of once shady habitats. These developments are increasing the supply of vegetation suitable for this species (Ellis et al, 2019;Fartmann et al, 2013;Warren, 1995).…”

Section: Lessons For Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perishing rich, expanding poor: Demography and population genetic patterns in two congeneric butterflies

et al. 2022

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In human-altered landscapes, specialist butterflies typically form spatially restricted populations, genetically differentiated due to dispersal restrictions. Generalists, in contrast, display minimum differentiation but high genetic diversity. While local-level actions suffice to conserve specialists and landscape-level actions are necessary for generalists, minimum information exists regarding conservation of species with intermediate features. We targeted two congeneric butterflies, the recently re-expanding Argynnis adippe and the strongly declining A. niobe, co-occurring in the pastoral landscape of the Carpathian Mountains, Czech Republic. We integrated species distribution models, mark-recapture and microsatellite analysis to compare their habitat requirements, adult demography, dispersal and genetic patterns, and expanded the genetic analysis across the Carpathian Arc and beyond to delimit spatial conservation units. In two mountain valleys, both species formed interconnected populations numbering thousands of individuals. Mobility patterns suggested the populations' interconnection across the Czech Carpathians. Genetic diversity was extremely poor in the nonthreatened A. adippe and moderate in the declining A. niobe. No population differentiation was detected within the Czech Carpathians (~1500 km 2 ). Low genetic diversity and no differentiation was preserved in A. adippe across East Central Europe, whereas in A. niobe, populations from Serbia were differentiated from the Carpathian Arc + Alps. The high adult mobility linked to low differentiation probably reflects the distribution of larval resources, historically widespread but sparse and currently declining for A. niobe (grazing-disturbed grounds), while currently increasing for A. adippe (abandonment scrub, disturbed woodlands). Units as large as entire mountain systems define population boundaries, and hence conservation management units, for both species.

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“…ESBBs are exposed to various levels of host bark chemicals throughout the life cycle; as a result, the expression or catalytic activity of beetle defense enzymes may fluctuate according to the life stage or phase of the detoxification process. Frequent ESBB outbreaks in the recent past and the projected increased frequency of such outbreaks have created a high demand for targetspecific control of ESBBs, as conventional methods have proved inefficient (Hlasny et al, 2021;Joga et al, 2021). Hence, detailed knowledge of the detoxification enzyme expression dynamics in the different life-stages of the ESBB is necessary to obtain the target genes for future species-specific management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age matters: Life-stage, tissue, and sex-specific gene expression dynamics in Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Naseer

Mogilicherla

Sellamuthu

et al. 2023

Front. For. Glob. Change

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The Eurasian spruce bark beetle (ESBB), Ips typographus, has recently caused catastrophic damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in Europe, resulting in the loss of more than 100 million cubic meters of wood. Traditional forest management strategies have failed to constrain the growing infestation rate; hence, novel measures must be deployed. A better understanding of ESBB physiology and adaptation to host allelochemicals may provide a platform for future management strategies using molecular tools such as RNA interference. To understand ESBB physiology and adaptation, the current study unraveled the gene expression dynamics of ESBB in different life stages and tissues. We obtained ESBB transcriptomes for different life stages [larvae (L1, L2, and L3), pupa, callow, and sclerotized adult] and male/female tissues (gut, fat body, and head) from callow and sclerotized adult beetles. Differential gene expression analysis (DGE) identified multiple gene families related to detoxification, digestion, resistance, and transport in different life stages and tissues of the beetle. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment revealed 61 critical metabolic pathways enriched across all DGE comparisons. DGE analysis further pinpointed the differential expression of essential genes involved in detoxification, digestion, transport, and defense in various tissues and life stages. RT-qPCR experiments and enzymatic assays corroborated the findings further. The catalogue of differentially expressed genes identified in ESBB could aid better understanding of ESBB physiology and adaptation to hosts and serve as targets for future RNAi-based ESBB management.

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Scientific response to intensifying bark beetle outbreaks in Europe and North America

Cited by 12 publications

References 108 publications

Enhanced trends in spectral greening and climate anomalies across Europe

Enhanced trends in spectral greening and climate anomalies across Europe

Perishing rich, expanding poor: Demography and population genetic patterns in two congeneric butterflies

Age matters: Life-stage, tissue, and sex-specific gene expression dynamics in Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

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