Science of the Nail Apparatus

Berker, David de; Ruben, Beth S.; Baran, Robert

doi:10.1002/9781119323396.ch1

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 363 publications

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“…The peptide chains of keratin are made by the condensation of amino acids. Hair and nails have been shown to differentiate along similar routes although they have diverse morphological features 13,14 . Nail contains more basic soft keratins, besides the sulphur‐rich hard keratins present in both hair and nails 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oxidative stress in onychomycosis: Thiol/disulphide homeostasis

Metin¹,

Elmas

Demirbaş³

et al. 2021

Mycoses

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Superficial dermatophyte infections are skin diseases that are often encountered. Onychomycosis is the most frequent infectious condition of the nail unit. Dermatophytes, particularly Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes are the most common causes but non-dermatophyte moulds, such as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, may also cause onychomycosis. 1 The dermatophytes are mycelial organisms generating long chains of cells and hyphae, to penetrate the stratum corneum, which is achieved by the production of proteases that can destroy keratin. 2 Dynamic thiol-disulphide homeostasis plays a crucial role in various biological activities including antioxidant protection, detoxification, apoptosis, control of enzymatic activity and cellular signal transduction. 3 The oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis may have a particular role in the increased activity of proteases and keratin degradation observed in onychomycosis.This study aimed to investigate thiol-disulphide homeostasis in onychomycosis patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oxidative stress in onychomycosis: Thiol/disulphide homeostasis

Metin¹,

Elmas

Demirbaş³

et al. 2021

Mycoses

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“…The nail is an opalescent window through to the vascular nail bed [69]. Anchoring of nails is achieved by nail matrix (nail root), which can be divided into three main parts [70,71]; the dorsal matrix, the intermediate matrix and the ventral matrix (nail bed).…”

Section: Natural Joint Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Natural Joint Systems and Numerical Investigation of Bio-Inspired GFRP-to-Steel Joints

Avgoulas

Sutcliffe

2016

Materials

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There are a great variety of joint types used in nature which can inspire engineering joints. In order to design such biomimetic joints, it is at first important to understand how biological joints work. A comprehensive literature review, considering natural joints from a mechanical point of view, was undertaken. This was used to develop a taxonomy based on the different methods/functions that nature successfully uses to attach dissimilar tissues. One of the key methods that nature uses to join dissimilar materials is a transitional zone of stiffness at the insertion site. This method was used to propose bio-inspired solutions with a transitional zone of stiffness at the joint site for several glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) to steel adhesively bonded joint configurations. The transition zone was used to reduce the material stiffness mismatch of the joint parts. A numerical finite element model was used to identify the optimum variation in material stiffness that minimises potential failure of the joint. The best bio-inspired joints showed a 118% increase of joint strength compared to the standard joints.

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“…Under the free edge lies the hyponychium, a 0.1–0.2 mm cutaneous margin that continues the nail bed and corresponds to the site where the nail plate detaches from the bed. The hyponychium is proximally margined by the onychodermal band and distally by the distal groove, a cutaneous ridge demarcating the border between subungual structures and the finger pulp 2–4 . Together with the free edge, the hyponychium forms a crevice, well‐known reservoir for different microbes often responsible for nail plate secondary changes 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of dermoscopy of the nail plate free edge and hyponychium

Iorizzo

Starace

Altobrando

et al. 2021

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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The non‐invasive examination of the nail unit using a dermoscope is known as onychoscopy. This technique has become increasingly appreciated to facilitate the clinical diagnosis of nail disorders, opening up a valuable second front with a potential to avoid invasive diagnostic procedures. During a nail consultation, the nail unit should always be examined with the aid of a dermatoscope in all its components. The aim of this paper was to provide practical information about onychoscopy of the nail plate free edge and hyponychium, two components of the nail unit difficult to evaluate at naked eye and often forgotten, but of paramount importance.

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Science of the Nail Apparatus

Cited by 8 publications

References 363 publications

The role of oxidative stress in onychomycosis: Thiol/disulphide homeostasis

The role of oxidative stress in onychomycosis: Thiol/disulphide homeostasis

A Review of Natural Joint Systems and Numerical Investigation of Bio-Inspired GFRP-to-Steel Joints

The value of dermoscopy of the nail plate free edge and hyponychium

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