Schrodinger's immigrant: The political and strategic use of (contradictory) stereotypical traits about immigrants

Sindic, Denis; Morais, Rita; Costa-Lopes, Rui; Klein, Olivier; Barreto, Manuela

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2018.08.003

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In fact, every context in which populist leaders emerge is different and even though the same psychological drivers may be present in a range of contexts, they may manifest in different ways. Other evidence suggests that even small contextual cues (e.g., Sindic, Morais, Costa-Lopes, Klein, & Barreto, 2019) or the way the connection with the past is portrayed (Smeekes, Verkuyten, & Martinovic, 2015;Smeekes et al, 2018) affect the way immigrants are viewed by majority members. In particular, moving forward requires being mindful of local intergroup dynamics, historical developments, and the narrative around immigration, to name just a few factors.…”

Section: Advancing the Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, whereas the anti-immigrant debate in the Netherlands focuses on symbolic threat narratives, in other countries such as Australia, realistic threat narratives traditionally dominate the debate (see Jetten, Wang, et al, 2017). Other evidence suggests that even small contextual cues (e.g., Sindic, Morais, Costa-Lopes, Klein, & Barreto, 2019) or the way the connection with the past is portrayed (Smeekes, Verkuyten, & Martinovic, 2015;Smeekes et al, 2018) affect the way immigrants are viewed by majority members.…”

Section: Advancing the Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The wealth paradox: Prosperity and opposition to immigration

Jetten

2019

Euro J Social Psych

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The idea that economic downturns and economic deprivation provoke tensions and intergroup hostility is remarkably pervasive. These accounts often work from the premise that economic crises and poverty provide “fertile soil” for populist parties and leaders with an anti‐immigrant agenda. This may explain why we intuitively expect that “hard times” produce “harsh attitudes” towards minorities. However, there is also robust empirical evidence showing that intergroup hostility (and anti‐immigration sentiments more specifically) can (i) surge in times of economic prosperity, and (ii) be widespread among relatively affluent groups. In this article, I will review evidence showing that intergroup hostility (such as anti‐immigrant sentiments) can be equally prevalent in times of relative gratification as well as in times of relative deprivation (accounting for the “Wealth Paradox”). In the second part of this contribution, I will explore these processes through the lens of classic social identity theorising focusing on the way that status anxiety, status threat, and fear of falling among members of wealthier groups are shaped by the permeability of group boundaries and the security of wealth positions. I argue that social identity theorising, typically applied to explain the behaviour of low status groups, can provide a parsimonious and integrative account for why and when high status (i.e., as a result of affluence and prosperity) may be associated with hostility towards minorities rather than with greater tolerance.

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Section: Advancing the Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advancing the Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

The wealth paradox: Prosperity and opposition to immigration

Jetten

2019

Euro J Social Psych

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“…Anger seems to be quite compatible with this emotionality stereotype. In other words, stereotypes can have contradictory elements: anger expressions by women can be interpreted as incompatible with stereotypes (that women are kind and caring) and compatible with stereotypes (that women are emotional, see also Sindic et al, 2018, for similar reasoning regarding stereotypes of immigrants). In this article, we examine how these two stereotype routes impact the Anger Gap.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We believe that examining this “stereotype confirmation route” (in addition to the stereotype dis confirmation route identified in previous research; Hyers, 2007; Swim et al, 2010) can offer novel insight both to the literature on strategic emotion expression (Kopelman et al, 2006; Sasse et al, 2018), and to the literature on gender stereotyping. The two routes are to some extent complementary (see Sindic et al, 2018, for a similar discussion referring to immigrants), so that women on both sides of the gender debate can be “caught out” by gender stereotypes. Feminists in particular are expected to be affected by the idea that anger will confirm gender stereotypes, of which they disapprove.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mind the gap! Stereotype exposure discourages women from expressing the anger they feel about gender inequality.

Breen¹,

Barreto²

2023

Emotion

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This work examines strategic factors that impact women's intention to express anger. Research suggests that women express anger to a lesser extent than they experience it (Hyers, 2007;Swim et al., 2010), and we focus on the role of gender stereotypes in this phenomenon. We differentiate two "routes" by which gender stereotypes can lead women to avoid expressions of anger. First, in the stereotype disconfirmation route, women become motivated to avoid expressing anger because it supposedly disconfirms stereotypical prescriptions for women to be kind and caring. We also identify a stereotype confirmation route, in which women avoid anger expressions because anger confirms the stereotype that women are overly emotional. Across three experimental studies (N study1 = 558, N study2 = 694, N study3 = 489), we show that women experienced anger about gender inequality, but were relatively reluctant to express the anger they felt. That is, there was evidence for an "Anger Gap." Feminists in particular showed a large Anger Gap when it was suggested that anger might confirm stereotypes. This work demonstrates that stereotype information introduces strategic concerns that women must take into account when deciding whether to express anger about gender inequality. Additionally, this work highlights that the notion that anger confirms a stereotype can be as powerful in discouraging anger expressions as the idea (identified in previous work) that anger may disconfirm stereotypes.

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“…3Our decision to use only positive traits was based on the notion that people have become decidedly less willing to openly ascribe negative characteristics—particularly on the basis of race. Past scholars have relied on this “positive inversion” method of capturing stereotypes to quell social desirability and gauge a respondent’s true assessments (see Sindic, Morais, Costa-Lopes, Klein, & Barreto, 2018; Wade & Brewer, 2006). The inverted stereotypes were recoded prior to analysis to reflect their original intended meaning.…”

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confidence: 99%

Composition and compensation: The moderating effect of individual and team performance on the relationship between Black team member representation and salary.

Hall

Avery

McKay

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Psychology

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Despite considerable focus on how the demographic composition of a workplace (e.g., the representation of minorities, women) may adversely affect the salaries of all individuals within that workplace, few researchers have investigated the factors that may impede this deleterious effect. In two distinct samples of multiracial work teams and one experiment, we test the moderating factors that attenuate or exacerbate these demographic influences on the monetary assessments of individuals' worth. Specifically, we demonstrate that the proportion of Black coworkers on a team is more negatively related to individual compensation for poorer, rather than higher, performing individuals or teams. Experimentally, we show that when performance is lower (individual or team), having more Black coworkers on a work team is related to greater stigmatization and, consequently, lower salaries. No such indirect effect is present, however, when performance is higher. These studies demonstrate that, under poor performance, the pernicious effects of stigma may have a wider reach than previously believed. Theoretical and practical implications of this finding are discussed.

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Schrodinger's immigrant: The political and strategic use of (contradictory) stereotypical traits about immigrants

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

The wealth paradox: Prosperity and opposition to immigration

The wealth paradox: Prosperity and opposition to immigration

Mind the gap! Stereotype exposure discourages women from expressing the anger they feel about gender inequality.

Composition and compensation: The moderating effect of individual and team performance on the relationship between Black team member representation and salary.

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